tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-40823343724154288512024-03-13T08:29:52.596-07:00Writing personal essaysExample Topics Essay First GraderAnastasia Abellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11677009039634887479noreply@blogger.comBlogger55125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4082334372415428851.post-17190924619802214862020-08-27T16:05:00.001-07:002020-08-27T16:05:08.162-07:00Managing Sustainable Growth RateQuestion: Talk about the Managing Sustainable Growth Rate. Answer: Presentation: An open recorded organization is a business element whose proprietorship is separated among open who purchase its offers on the stock trade stage (Boyett 2013). Organizations Act 2013 u/s 2(71) characterizes an open organization as one which is certifiably not a privately owned business and has a base settled up share capital of Rupees five lakhs (Mca.gov.in 2017). Goodbye Motors is an Indian open restricted organization which has a worldwide nearness lead by capable CEO and CFO. This task is an investigation of examination among CEO and CFO in an open restricted keeping Tata Motors in the light and the outside and inside elements these two officials need to manage. The following area is an investigation of key financing technique during 2001-2002 and 2004 and its effect on amplifying the abundance of the investors. (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO): A CEO is the most elevated official in an open restricted organization whose fundamental occupation job is to take significant choices and dealing with the working of the whole organization. He likewise conveys between the governing body where he may have a position and the activity wings of the organization. A CFO is a corporate official essentially enabled to take money related choices, arranging and monetary detailing. He additionally takes care of dangers and presents the monetary examination before the CEO and the governing body. The CFO participates in spending the executives, money saving advantage investigation, anticipating necessities and sourcing of assets. The CEO and CFO are significant situations in an open constrained organization having their own regions of tasks. The principle contrast between the two is that the CEO is the most elevated activities official in the organization while the CFO is leader of the money division. The CEO reports to the top managerial staff or more while the CFO reports to the CEO, governing body or to the leader of the organization. Be that as it may, them two have places of key significance and might be in the board. A CEO being the top official in the organization needs to take choices in all issue like human asset, money related issues like hazard and subsidizing, board organization and goes about as a communicators to the governing body. The CFO, being the top money related official of the organization prompts the CEO and the board about the monetary parts of every one of these zones. The CEO and the CFO are top officials in an open restricted organization like Tata Motors and are influenced by different interior and outer natural factors and take urgent choices about them. The current CEO overall is Guenter Butschek and the situation of CFO is held by Chandrasekaran Ramakrishnan. Inside business condition factors: The vital quality of the representatives is the greatest interior business factor of an organization. Goodbye Motors should select qualified up-and-comers as its representatives should prepare them consistently to improve their insight. The administration ought to assess the workers every once in a while and reward them with advancements and grants to perceive their endeavors. It should likewise attempt to spur and give further preparing to feeble representatives to bring improve their exhibition. Goodbye Motors should rehearse a solid and moral authoritative culture to advance a positive activity condition for all (Goetsch and Davis 2014). Goodbye Motors today takes into account the world market and has demonstrated its serious quality by gaining Jaguar Land Rover from Ford Motor Company. It has contenders like Toyota, Mahindra, Ford and Ashok Leyland (Kumar and Bhatia 2015). This requires persistent advancement in all angles like vehicle structuring, estimating and serious wanting to remain in front of its opponents both inside India, its nation of origin and abroad (Porter, Cunningham and Sanz 2013). Advancement is driven by innovation and is a constant procedure. The RD wing of Tata Motors arranged in India and UK are attempting to present vehicles like Zest and Bolt which permit clients to pick between driving mode relying upon their prerequisites (Tatamotors.com 2017). Outside elements influencing Tata Motors Outside elements or full scale monetary elements are those elements which are past a companys control and is summarized as Political, Economical, Social and mechanical condensed as PEST. Goodbye Motors is an Indian global vehicle producing organization which has nearness in a few nations and has gigantic market quality. The organization ought to know about the political frameworks common in different nations in which it has its essence. Goodbye Motors is a worldwide vehicle maker having nearness in sections merchandise bearer, family vehicles and utility and crisis vehicles. Its clients profile comprises of state governments, the service of protection, producers, fire and security administrations and house hold. This makes the organization open to different sorts of tax assessment types and piece. Goodbye Motors ought to know about the levies and obligations of each market and furthermore universal laws. The organization ought to know about laws identifying with land, work and every single other part of its business (Yadav 2013). The enormous market of Tata Motors and the size of the organization present a gigantic test for the CFO and CEO. They ought to know about all the political elements, national just as worldwide and make approaches as indicated by them. The CFO should outline plans of action which the organization ought to follow to exploit political elements around the globe. Goodbye engines have nearness in nations with shifting financial conditions. It needs to think about the buy intensity of the clients of a specific nation to settle on the items, estimating, advancements and every single other angle (Stobart 2016). The CFO should contemplate the different models identified with evaluating and talk about the issue with different divisions like RD and advertising to pick the best model. The CEO also has a noteworthy job to act as indicated by the CFO and best show up at the choice that will control the whole association. Expansion is influencing the greater part of the huge nations prompting fall in money worth and increment costs (Johnson 2014). The organization is additionally influenced by changing cash trade rates and other worldwide laws identifying with account. The intense financial condition represents an extreme test before the two top officials as they need to pick the best contributing and subsidizing alternatives. The per capita salary of a nation is straightforwardly identified with framework, innovation, worker efficiency, ways of life and buy intensity of the individuals. For instance, a costly vehicle like Land Rover will discover a greater number of clients in the UK than in a poor nation. The choice is an essential thing influencing the Tata as well as the whole market. A privilege monetary methodology can make an achievement though a broken choice can cause a colossal misfortune. Vehicles are a need as well as an image of status, have strict ramifications and furthermore an item financed by advances at present. Individuals purchase vehicles during happy events and think of it as favorable. The banks additionally give credits at loosened up loan fees during this time (Fuller 2016). Goodbye Motors should time the creation according to the period and value them as indicated by the different financing alternatives accessible. The CFO and the CEO can likewise consider connecting with the money related administrations verticals like Tata Finance and Tata AIA Life protection during this chance to draw in purchasers. The whole vehicle industry is reliant on the advancement of science, innovation and development for its reality. It can likewise be called attention to that all the nations where Tata Motor works don't have equivalent degree of mechanical headway and pioneering advantage. This factor assumes a significant job in item planning and valuing. It can likewise procure auxiliary units in different nations to gain admittance to nearby market and deal with it. Besides, assuming control over neighborhood auxiliary unit guarantees simple fix and upkeep administrations to the individuals, along these lines expanding consumer loyalty and boosting deals. The CEO and the CFO ought to assign high assets towards innovative advancement since that is exceptionally pivotal to the very presence of the firm. New items at moderate costs guarantee consumer loyalty giving an upper hand to Tata. The Key Financing Strategic Decision: Financing assumes a key huge job in choosing the objective and execution of a firm. It discovers significance in each technique and plan and manages the best use of the constrained assets. A legitimate fund choice relies upon the coordination and collaboration of all the authoritative levels and divisions. It discovers application in different zones like HR, bookkeeping and account capacities. Free income is the sign of the budgetary sufficiency of an organization and its capacity to use its monetary assets to produce future benefits. An expansion in income expands working capital which is significant for the tasks of the whole organization. A consistent progression of money permits a firm to put resources into examination and innovation, utilize quality human asset and financing (Bollerslev, Xu and Zhou 2015). The organization has consistently picked up aptitude in assigning its assets in key business zones under the authority of its CFOs and CEOs An appropriate money related methodology incorporates picking the best financing choices so the firm can guarantee consistent creation. This would expand showcase infiltration, consumer loyalty and upper hand winning financial incentive to the firm. Goodbye Motors brought about substantial misfortunes in 2000 because of low interest. In any case, it builds benefit in2001 by presentation of light, medium and substantial business vehicles. This bounce would not have been conceivable with the architects and the consistent financing. Along these lines, it very well may be pointed that an accomplished CFO guarantees constant progression of assets to prop activity up on and increment the abundance of the organization through benefits. Goodbye Motors has nearness everywhere throughout the wo Anastasia Abellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11677009039634887479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4082334372415428851.post-60113573582826147252020-08-22T12:26:00.001-07:002020-08-22T12:26:38.080-07:00Evaluation PlanThe historical backdrop of value the executives in the private division shows a fascinating advancement along two measurements. To begin with, the predominant direction has been widened from the item to the all out arrangement of creation and conveyance, and from item related rules to outer rules (for instance, the natural effect of items and creation forms). Second, an advancement of perspectives and practices has occurred concerning the association of different kinds of actors.These improvements point to an expanding multifaceted nature of the quality administration work. Hence, the principal point of this paper is to inspect the ramifications of this advancement for the professionalization of this capacity. (Dick 2001) The private and the open segment have, as for quality administration and assessment, followed their own lines of advancement. Indeed, even the key conceptsquality the board and evaluationhave an alternate significance, particularly as for the connection among determ ination and intervention.However, their essential inquiry is the equivalent: how might we survey acknowledged execution and utilize the outcomes to improve future execution? Additionally, the limits between the private and the open area are obscuring to an ever increasing extent (Godfroij and Nelissen, 1993) and the two segments attempt to take in exercises from the other. In this manner, the second point of this paper is to investigate the pertinence of the previously mentioned inquiries for assessment in the open sector.The significance of private division assessment approaches for open segment associations ought to be identified with similitudes and contrasts between the two areas as for their objectives and achievement standards, their customer frameworks, items and administrations, impact of partners, and prerequisites concerning open responsibility. For instance, contrasted with private ventures, the items and administrations of open associations are regularly less concrete an d explicit, and forms need to meet rules other than specialized efficiency.For open associations, the arrangement of important partners is increasingly separated, customer frameworks are frequently progressively diffuse and unknown, and criticism forms from customer gatherings can be progressively roundabout and confounded. As a result of these distinctions, open associations must be assessed by other and frequently more mind boggling guidelines than do private associations, for example, equivalent openness, value, and majority rules system. This recommends open division execution needs to meet increasingly diffuse and differing rules, and can be made a decision about less easily.(Airasian 2006) On the other hand, the necessary execution of open associations can be managed expressly. Methods are frequently characterized all the more obviously, with a view to responsibility and just control. Also, on the grounds that administrations today have gigantic budgetary issues, money related models are regularly quite certain. In this manner, customers, items, and procedures of open associations are frequently plainly characterized, subjectively just as quantitatively.Furthermore, private ventures likewise need to consider something other than monetary and specialized necessities and regularly utilize quality administration frameworks, which focus on inward social factors just as cultural cases and guidelines. Therefore, the difference among open and private associations is just restricted. In the field of assessment, the test is fundamentally the equivalent, albeit open division assessment can be more complicated.For private undertaking, the market should be the best and proficient component for the choice among great and poor entertainers. The value instrument joins quality and proficiency standards and mirrors the additional estimation of the items or administrations according to the purchasers. Therefore, at an accumulated level seeing benefit figures is a reasonab le and straightforward method of assessment. This technique has, notwithstanding, minimal informative value.In request to observe reasons for underperformance, quality-related elements and proficiency related variables ought to be evaluated independently. While proficiency assessment takes a gander at the expense creating exercises, quality evaluationthe focal point of this paperstarts with the item itself. The development of value the board in the benefit division began numerous decades back as quality control at the degree of the got done with productdefining quality norms at the item level and contrasting the item attributes and these standards.It took some time before the thought made strides that the presentation (benefits) could be raised altogether by moving thoughtfulness regarding the means in the creation procedure where item inadequacies (and expenses) are produced. This brought into vision the particular procedure stages just as the representatives adding to the procedur e. Quality administration started to focus on the job of the entertainers engaged with creation and appropriation forms, and to the arrangement of essential and supporting procedures all in all. It is currently generally acknowledged that quality administration ought to have an expansive extension: absolute quality administration. References Airasian, P., Gay, L. R., Mills, G.. (2006). Instructive Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (eighth ed.). Dick, W. and Carey, L. (2001). The orderly plan of guidance (fifth ed.). Part 12. Longman Publishing Group. ISBN: 0321037804. Godfroij, A.J.A. what's more, Nelissen, N.J.M. (Eds.) (1993). Verschuivingen in de besturing van de samenleving, Bussum, Dick Coutinho. Anastasia Abellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11677009039634887479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4082334372415428851.post-47477404820125706252020-08-21T10:08:00.001-07:002020-08-21T10:08:22.553-07:00Free Essay SamplesFree Essay SamplesThere are a lot of companies out there that offer free essay samples. Free essay samples that actually have something to do with things like International repatriation of artifacts and even international espionage. Are these samples authentic?The websites that post these essay samples claim to be free, but the fact is that they are not. I have no idea why they would want you to purchase these essays and get them for free, but they have. In most cases these sites are using fake certificates or fake logos for their websites. This is part of a business model that is not going away.These sites offer hundreds, if not thousands of essays and there is no reason for you to pay for essays that you can access for free. To keep you from getting scammed, you should do your research and read everything about the essay that you are considering. Also, take the time to actually look at the essays before you sign up to get them.Unfortunately, in the past, I have seen people buy pape rs or get essays that had nothing to do with their assignment, so it was really easy for them to scam someone who just had an idea. You should be cautious if you are going to get essay samples for free on the internet.My biggest tip is to pay attention to the background of the site offering the essay samples. If the background looks like it is faking something or just copying some template, I would be careful. I have found that many times, this is the case.Another place to look for essay samples is on the topic itself. It is possible to find multiple sites that have a variety of essays on a wide range of topics. This means that you have a lot of different choices for essays.In some cases, the essays could be written by professors from a local college or university, meaning they may not be who they say they are. There is also a possibility that these essays may have been plagiarized. You should look at the original author's website and see if you can find a link to where the essay ca n be found.Some people try to sell their essay samples or offer them to others. These are the people that should be avoided because they are just scams. The best course of action is to avoid these companies altogether. Anastasia Abellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11677009039634887479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4082334372415428851.post-78729424623058222382020-05-25T22:53:00.001-07:002020-05-25T22:53:04.711-07:00The Impact Of Media On Indigenous Collective Action One of the most famous images within Canadian history is that of a tense moment between two men facing each other. The image shows a masked armed indigenous man leaning over the smaller soldier before a moment of apparent confrontation. On one level, the image itself is colonial portraying the soldier as keeping the peace against the unknowable ââ¬Å"other.â⬠Thereby in many parts this image misrepresents the complex reality of the situation and the history surrounding the Oka confrontation. But this image represents more then merely the Oka crisis, but rather the often one sided portrayal of Indigenous people within the media. The media has played an important role in shaping perception on Indigenous collective action. But like the photoâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦There are two national media controversies in the summer of 1990. The first involved the controversy surrounding the stopping of the Meech Lake Accord by Elijah Harper who an act of protest initiated a filibuster before the accordââ¬â¢s deadline. The second crisis beginning in July 11, 1990 involving a 78-day armed standoff between the Mohawk nation of Kanesatake, the Quebec provincial police, and the Canadian armed forces near the town of Oka, Quebec which became known as the Oka Crisis. The events began in June 30, 1990 when the municipality of Oka was granted a court injunction to dismantle a peaceful barricade erected by the people of Kanesatake in an effort to defend their sacred lands from further encroachment by non-Native developers. The event and the standoff brought wide spread reactions from across Canada and the world. Despite many facts and details being well known there was a level of ambiguity around the events. For example, few reporters at the time conducted interviews with residents behind the blockade. Therefore the media with its already heightened perception of different indigenous protests along with sensationalism around breakdown of the Meech Lake Accord were on th eir own to shape the way in which the events were perceived and unfolded. The newspapers are the key primary source for information about the Oka Crisis. But by no means does this make these sources transparent, rather newspapers are often bias towards the the main social,Show MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Australian Colonization On Australian Society1709 Words à |à 7 Pagescommunities, have been subject to the impact of racism and discrimination on self-identity. Nonetheless, many urban-based Aboriginal people proudly identify with their Aboriginality, asserting their identity. In this case study, I will examine the identity of Aboriginal Australianââ¬â¢s, comparing this construction from the time period of colonisation in Australia to the current time period in Australia. 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The abovementioned stakeholder theory became central to the theory of corporate social responsibility in many areas, but above all, in the area of environmental protection, where business operationsââ¬â¢ impact had the most visible and a relatively easily assessable damage. The environmental direction of CSR will not be discussed in much details here, but will be used throughout this sub-chapter to illustrate the origins of CSR and the underlying concerns Anastasia Abellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11677009039634887479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4082334372415428851.post-49100890169742299932020-05-15T05:13:00.001-07:002020-05-15T05:13:04.032-07:00In modern times, a couple usually does not plan to get... In modern times, a couple usually does not plan to get married less than a week after meeting. Yet in the small Italian town of Messina in William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Much Ado About Nothing, the young Claudio and Hero plan to get married as soon as possible. That is, until Claudio is fed false information that Hero is not a virgin and slanders her at the altar. During the Elizabethan era when this play was written, most female roles and women in general were treated without respect as Hero was and were only prized on their physical characteristics. Much Ado About Nothing was an important play in the Elizabethan era because it dealt with social class boundaries and the roles of women. Although the Elizabethan Era influenced theater greatly,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Elizabethan women were being taught that they were practically property of men. They could be forced into arranged marriages in order to create bonds between families and were taught to be dependent on their male relatives (Alchin). Social class and oneââ¬â¢s status in society could also coincide with how they were treated on an everyday basis (Alchin). With these many events that would change the world forever came changes in the theater that would change it forever, too. James Burbage, a prominent Elizabethan actor, built the first Elizabethan playhouse and called it the Theatre (Yancey 25). The Theatre, built in 1576, would go on to set a precedent in the design of all playhouses of the era (Senn). The building was probably round or octagonal and had no ceiling so as to let in natural light since no efficient artificial lighting had been invented at this point in time (Yancey 25). Because of the need for natural light during plays, most performances took place during the afternoon (Yancey 29). On the inside of the Theatre, the stage extended to be a raised rectangle that took up about half of the ground floor (Yancey 30). Above it was a balcony on which acting could occur, suc h as the balcony scene from Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Romeo and Juliet (Yancey 31). 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The value of Accessibility focuses on technology and the importance of everyone being able to use it for howâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Opportunities and Threats Apple has competitive advantage in several areas. These include customer excellence, locational excellence, product excellence, and operational excellence. Apple has a unique, high quality product with excellent customer service. They have an extensive online and physical presence and an extremely efficient production. Competition and consumers have the largest effect on the immediate marketing environment for Apple. Per Fortune Tech, during the last quarter of 2016, their market share for activations dropped from 40% to 34%. While Apple was still #1, they experienced a significant drop. In order to recoup the market share, Apple needs to address the competition and also learn why their customers are purchasing or activating fewer of their phones. Action to take 1. Improve market share by increasing innovation. While Apple excels at product excellence, their competitors are catching up. 2. Improve pricing. While the high price increases profits and maintains a high profit margin, if the price point is out of reach for consumers, the product will not sell. 3. Improve operational excellence. While the cost to produce is low, it may be possible to reduce the cost even further which could reduce the effect of the loss of profit margin if pricing structure is updated. 4. Respond to consumers. Apple can no longer be content with their domination of the market. While their products are very high quality, the competitor products are as well andShow MoreRelatedApple Inc. Marketing Plan1502 Words à |à 7 Pages Apple Inc. Marketing Plan Executive Summary Apple Inc., which was formally known as Apple Computer Inc., is a multinational corporation that designs, develops and sells a wide variety of consumer electronics, personal computers, and computer software. 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Examples of Apple Inc.s products include the iMac, iPod, the OS X operating system, and the iTunes media browser. (RED) is an AIDS charity whos aim is to raise awareness and funding to help eliminate AIDS in Africa. To help achieve their aim Product (RED) was introduced, which is a brand licensed to partner companiesRe ad MoreApple Inc. Implementation Plan1615 Words à |à 6 PagesApple Inc. is a leading worldwide retailer of computers, tablets, cell telephones, and other entertainment items. Apple needs new development techniques, product development and a leader in the mobile market. The implementation plan below will show the group of action best suited for the corporation along with the implementation process, assessed risks and financial projections used as the basis for moving the business before. Implementation Plan Apple Inc. is in a transition period, after Anastasia Abellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11677009039634887479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4082334372415428851.post-73500996997964718452020-05-05T18:48:00.001-07:002020-05-05T18:48:24.471-07:00Clinical Manifestation of HIV Infection free essay sample There are lots of diseases that are transmittable and dangerous to human lives but until today the HIV still leading the most dangerous human life taker. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) destroys the immune systemââ¬â¢s helper T cells, the loss of which causes AIDS. The person infected called as HIV positive that shows by test for antibodies to HIV in the bloodstream to be infected with HIV. But how you will know a person if she/he is infected. What are the manifestations you can observe? How can this be applied scientifically based knowledge to nursing practice? What knowledge do you get in reading all these articles?à à In the next paragraph the answers to the question are discuss step-by-step. Clinical Manifestation The incubation period of a few weeks after exposure to HIV, most infected individuals present with an acute flue-like illness. The clinical symptoms of HIV infection were first descried in 1985 as an illness resembling infectious mononucleosis. We will write a custom essay sample on Clinical Manifestation of HIV Infection or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The most common symptoms are fever, maculopopular rash, oral ulcers, lymphaenopathy, arthralgia, pharyngitis, malaise, weight loss, aseptic meningitis and myalgia. In one study, fever (80%) and malaise (68%) had the highest sensitivity for clinical diagnosis of HIV infection, whereas loss of weight (86%) and oral ulcers (85%) had the highest specificity. In the study, the symptoms of fever and rash followed by oral ulcers and pharyngitis had the highest positive pr5edictivevalue for diagnosis of HIV infection. In another study, fever, rash myalgia, arthritis and night sweats were the best predictors for HIV infection.à The symptom phase of HIV infection lasts between 7-10 days, and rarely longer than 14 days. The nonspecific nature of the symptoms posses a great challenge to the clinician and underlines the importance of a detailed history of exposure. (Altfeld Walker). Another manifestation is Erythema elevatum diutinum (EED) is a chronic and rare dermatosis that is considered to be a variant of leucotoclastic vaculitis. The clinical manifestations are papules, plaques or nodules, which vary in coloration from reddish to purple, light brown and sometimes yellowish. The lesionââ¬â¢s are persistent and symmetrically distributed on extensors surfaces, particularly in the joints of the extremities. Such patients may presents arthralgia. The itchiness and pains, with rare systemic involvement were also observed (Medical Journal 2005). Immune thrombocytopenic purpura may be the sole clinical manifestation of HIV infection. Results of the treatment of 6 patients spontaneous bleeding due to severe thrombocytopenia are presented.à In all patients immune thrombocytopenic purpura was the only clinical manifestation of HIV infection. Four of them were intravenous narcotic addicts, and the other two patients did not belong to high-risk groups (Elizovic, Jevtovic Rolovic 1989). Peripheral Facial paralysis as a manifestation of HIV Infection, Two patients had typical Bellââ¬â¢s palsy while one had a facialdiplegia. CD4 cell counts were above 100 cells/mm3 in all cases. A review of literature confirmed that peripheral facial nerve palsy could occur at any stage of HIV infection and in various clinical contexts. It is suggested that adult patients presenting with peripheral facial paralysis should be counseled, and screened for HIV (Annals AF Med: 2002 1(1) 1:28-30). Anastasia Abellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11677009039634887479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4082334372415428851.post-91187590917901969362020-04-12T12:41:00.001-07:002020-04-12T12:41:02.736-07:00I Am the Way and the Truth and the Life Theological Study free essay sample Jesus answered, ââ¬Å"I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me. ââ¬Å" When examining a Biblical verse, it is important to understand the historical context in which itââ¬â¢s written. Originally recorded by John, Son of Zebedee, whose main purpose in writing his Gospel can be found in John 20:31, ââ¬Å"But these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name. , is Jesusââ¬â¢ declaration ââ¬Å"I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through meâ⬠. The passage of John 14:6 is part of an extensive conversation that Jesus had with his disciples during the ââ¬Å"Last Supperâ⬠on the eve of the Passover Feast. Immediately preceding the statement, we read that Judas has been identified as the betrayer of Jesus and that Peter will deny Jesus three times before sunrise. We will write a custom essay sample on I Am the Way and the Truth and the Life Theological Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jesus has just advised his followers that he will be leaving them soon and He is attempting to comfort them. This one statement which focuses on the four thoughts, ââ¬Å"way, truth, life, and coming to the Fatherâ⬠, is in essence a ââ¬Å"recipeâ⬠for Christianity and completely fulfills the prophesy of the coming Messiah in the Old Testament. In examining the first word ââ¬Å"wayâ⬠, we find numerous accounts of The Way in the New Testament. The Way was a term used within the Jewish community to identify the ââ¬Å"sectâ⬠of Jesus- the true Israel- as opposed to the Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, and the Zealots. We can see an example of this usage by Paul in the text of Acts 24:14, ââ¬Å"However, I admit that I worship the God of our fathers as a follower of the Way, which they call a sectâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ There are also Old Testament accounts such as in Isaiah 35:8 which speaks of the joy of the Redeemed, ââ¬Å"And a highway will be there; it will be called the Way of Holiness. The unclean will not journey on it; it will be for those who walk in that Way; wicked fools will not go about on it. â⬠Jesus is the Way. He is the only way to Salvation; He is the only way the Father. Looking at the second word, ââ¬Å"truthâ⬠, we can obtain a direct definition from the Expository Dictionary, in which the Greek translation means the ââ¬Å"truth of Godâ⬠. We can find many references to the word truth in the Bible. John 14:16-17, 1 John 4:6, and 2 John 2 contain multiple references to the Spirit of Truth and John 15:26 declares ââ¬Å"When the Counselor comes whom I will send to you from the Father, the Spirit of Truth, who goes out from the Father, He will testify about meâ⬠. In John 14: 9, Jesus says ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ Anyone who has seen me has seen the Father. And in verse 11, He says ââ¬Å"Believe me when I say that I am in the Father and the Father is in meâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ . The Truth is Jesus is the Christ- the Son of God, the personification of God, and part of the Trinity. Life, the third main word in the verse refers to Eternal Life. This is affirmed in various biblical verses such as John 3:16 ââ¬Å"For God so loved the world that he gave his o ne and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal lifeâ⬠. There are also several verses such as in John 5:40 and Acts 3:15 where Jesus is referred to as the Author of Life. In John 1:1-5 we can find the Prime Author idea expanded upon with ââ¬Å"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God; all things were made through Him, and without Him was not anything made that was made. In Him was life, and the life was the light of men. The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not overcome itâ⬠. I do not believe it was an accident that Jesus was crucified in conjunction with the Passover Festival. Jesus became our sacrificial lamb and shed his blood so that the judgement of death would ââ¬Å"pass overâ⬠us and allow us to obtain salvation. Anastasia Abellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11677009039634887479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4082334372415428851.post-54676672317937107422020-03-10T21:31:00.001-07:002020-03-10T21:31:02.943-07:00Free Essays on How Would You Contribute In Your Counrty As An EngineerThe rain drops on the windshield wake me up. I sit up and look out the window. Water currents taking along garbage and gasoline rainbows, the cars looking for another way to get by, and the small zinc houses along the road vanish as the current passes by. Everything in its path disappears as it gains speed down hill until the current makes itââ¬â¢s last stop, the lake. And as if the currents were not strong enough to tear down, mudslides accompany. The day keeps on getting worst to sort out as just another ordinary rainy day in Nicaragua. We all watch as this calamity gets out of hands, but we all think to ourselves, whose hands has it gotten out of, Where are our so-called artists of the practical, our engineers to manage these kind of catastrophic situations. We suffer from a dire economy which is an excuse to this situation but not to this cataclysm that could be manageable. Iââ¬â¢m looking out the window and daydream about that moment when I will make a step towards the good of my country. The moment when I as an engineer will be able to contribute to avoid such situations. I vision a Nicaragua that could be and not the one that I live in. A vision of a Nicaragua that is much developed and made use of itââ¬â¢s resources, a well-built sewage canal and a uncontaminated Lake that is very well enhanced, a Nicaragua in where I will make a difference.... Free Essays on How Would You Contribute In Your Counrty As An Engineer Free Essays on How Would You Contribute In Your Counrty As An Engineer The rain drops on the windshield wake me up. I sit up and look out the window. Water currents taking along garbage and gasoline rainbows, the cars looking for another way to get by, and the small zinc houses along the road vanish as the current passes by. Everything in its path disappears as it gains speed down hill until the current makes itââ¬â¢s last stop, the lake. And as if the currents were not strong enough to tear down, mudslides accompany. The day keeps on getting worst to sort out as just another ordinary rainy day in Nicaragua. We all watch as this calamity gets out of hands, but we all think to ourselves, whose hands has it gotten out of, Where are our so-called artists of the practical, our engineers to manage these kind of catastrophic situations. We suffer from a dire economy which is an excuse to this situation but not to this cataclysm that could be manageable. Iââ¬â¢m looking out the window and daydream about that moment when I will make a step towards the good of my country. The moment when I as an engineer will be able to contribute to avoid such situations. I vision a Nicaragua that could be and not the one that I live in. A vision of a Nicaragua that is much developed and made use of itââ¬â¢s resources, a well-built sewage canal and a uncontaminated Lake that is very well enhanced, a Nicaragua in where I will make a difference.... Anastasia Abellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11677009039634887479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4082334372415428851.post-30627238182997686592020-02-23T11:57:00.001-08:002020-02-23T11:57:02.525-08:00Liverppol Vision Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 wordsLiverppol Vision Company - Essay Example In addition, they have also gained resources from Europe and from the National Government, to create a City Centre that brings in new investment and employment opportunities to the people of Liverpool city. They have made a total investment of 3 billion, towards the regeneration of Liverpool city centre. The aims of economic revival have been targeted at their chosen areas of action, which are as follows: Kings Waterfront - This region has the largest development on the Liverpool waterfront. Liverpool Vision and its partners English Partnerships, Northwest Development Agency and Liverpool City Council are jointly promoting its development by using its potential for residential, hotel, office, retail, leisure, community and open space uses. Hope Street Quarter - Hope Street connects Liverpool to its cultural, spiritual and educational epicenters. It is the place of magnificent attractions such as The Royal Liverpool Philharmonic, the Liverpool Institute of Performing Arts (LIPA) and the successful award winning Hope Street Hotel. Another significant aspect of this area, is its distinct historic environment, the hallmark of which are the two landmark Cathedrals. Liverpool Vision is working with key businesses and other stakeholders, with the intention of promoting the economic potential of this area by taking necessary steps to connect this area with the life of the city. Pier Head & Mann Island - This area of Liverpool has been the essence of what constitutes Liverpool to the rest of the world. It is made up some of the best known architectures such as of the Royal Liver Building, the Cunard Building, and the Port of Liverpool Building, collectively known as the Three Graces - with striking views of the river. In June 2005, Planning and Development Brief prepared by Liverpool Vision in collaboration with the two landowners, National Museums Liverpool and Northwest Regional Development Agency, was endorsed by the Liverpool City Council. This is the first step towards implementing the idea of rejuvenating this part of the city. Commercial district - This area was established in the 19th Century. Two of the most important stock exchanges Corn Exchange (Dale Street) and Cotton Exchange (Old Hall Street) are located in this district. Using resources, Liverpool Visions has ambitions to create a 21st century business environment, in commercials district to make up for the shortage of high quality commercial space in Liverpool. In October 2005, Liverpool Vision was given the Outline Planning consent for a new Commercial Quarter in the heart of Liverpool City Centre. The proposals put forth will see the creation of 1.5m sq ft of high quality commercial space, new public spaces, and associated car parking on the area bounded by Leeds Street, Pall Mall, Tithebarn Street and Old Hall Street. Castle Street (Live Work District) - This area is made up of Victorian office buildings, which are now being converted into apartments, with their ground floors being used for commercial purposes. Liverpool Vision is not just concerned with bringing new developments into residential and official area, but it also aims to remove traffic from main routes of this areas in order to, create a more pedestrian friendly environment. Lime Street Gateway - Lime street gateway is the key gateway to Liverpool Anastasia Abellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11677009039634887479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4082334372415428851.post-45298918512581714562020-02-07T04:44:00.001-08:002020-02-07T04:44:03.152-08:00Resource Based Analysis of Marks & Spencer Plc EssayResource Based Analysis of Marks & Spencer Plc - Essay Example The present research has identified that clothing stores of Marks & Spencer are the leading retailers in the UK market and specialize in providing womenââ¬â¢s wears, lingerie, and menswear. Their food stores are also leading in the UK market due providing fresh foods which are of high quality. The marketing and distribution of their products into the various markets and stores is done by utilizing the service of huge wholesalers, online stores and through a telephone. The companyââ¬â¢s stocks are registered in the London stocks exchange. This paper will first assess the importance of capabilities and how they contribute to the competitive advantage of the organization. Then, analyze Marks & Spencer plc resources and capabilities using ratio analysis, value chain and VRIN. Resource-based view (RBV) is a business model which holds that business can attain a massive competitive advantage over the rival businesses by utilizing their resources and capabilities properly in alignment with the environment of the business. This implies that the business should possess resources and capabilities which are superior to those of their rivals in order to attain the competitive advantage over them. This will prevent the rival businesses from replicating the resources and capabilities of the company thus declining their competitive advantage. Capabilities are used in resource-based view to indicate the ability of a firm to apply its resources effectively and efficiently with the sole aim of gaining the competitive advantage over the market. Strategies of a company are formulated to address the future productivity of the company. Strategies of a company are formulated to address the future productivity of the company. Strategies are formulated to address any occurrences and incidences in the market and how to respond to changes in the market due to pressures or influences which appear from time to time in the market. The first strategy utilized by M&S was the brand name. Anastasia Abellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11677009039634887479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4082334372415428851.post-60783275223803492452020-01-29T04:42:00.001-08:002020-01-29T04:42:04.458-08:00Matching Hypothesis Essay Example for Free Matching Hypothesis Essay The Aims of this experiment was to see if there is a similarity between levels of physical appearance between couples. The method used in this experiment was very similar to that of Mursteins matching hypothesis, using 10photos of couples split in two so there was 10 males and 10females 20 participants were asked to rank the males in order of 1-10, and the rank the females in order of 1-10 without knowing which male was coupled with which female. The results of this method were recorded by means of Spearmans rank correlation. The Rho of this experiment was 0. 2727273, for the results to be statistically significant the Rho had to be equal to or greater than 0. 564. As this experiment was below this it was statistically infrequent and the null hypothesis was accepted. In conclusion the hypothesis of this experiment was rejected as results were statistically infrequent, this shows from the results that there is in fact no similarities in levels of physical appearance amongst couples in long term relationships. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder suggests that people are as attractive as a person sees them. So for instance a person may be seen as attractive to certain people but not attractive to others. How attractive people find each other forms the basis of my research Research has already been carried out on this area and different conclusions have been drawn upon, examples of these are; Goffman (1952) proposed the Matching Hypothesis, which stated that individuals were more likely to have long lasting relationships if they were of the same attractiveness as each other. The reasons why this is the case could be that, as human instinct is to reproduce, evolution will have conditioned one to form a relationship with an individual who is most likely to reproduce with them and, generally, this would be an individual of the same physical attractiveness. Many researchers have tested this theory: Walster (1966) used a computer dance as the basis for his research. He got 4 independent judges to rate the attractiveness of 752 students who signed up to this dating service. The students were then matched up at random with the only condition that a man wasnt matched up with a woman who was taller than him. Each person was then asked to rate their partner and it was found that the more attractive individuals were the best date that doesnt support the Matching Hypothesis. Walster Walster (1969) developed an experiment that was a follow up to this. The experiment allowed the participants to meet and interact beforehand, providing more ecological validity, and went on to support the Matching Hypothesis as the individuals preferred each other if they were of the same attractiveness. Murstein (1972) collected photographs of couples that were married or engaged and had participants rate each person in the photograph separately. His findings showed that generally the two people were rated as the same that, again, supports the Matching Hypothesis. The methodology of this research is used as a template for the research to be done for testing the hypothesis. There is also other research that suggests that people tend to be attracted to those with similar interests and personality traits. This research does not support the research that suggests people in long-term relationships are of similar levels of physical attractiveness. Kandel (1978) showed us that demographic behaviour has effects on relationships and that individuals tend to be more attracted to people who are similar to themselves (class, political views etc) but have certain qualities that the individual does not have, but could gain from (talents, admiration etc). Burgess Wallin (1958) found that there was a positive correlation between personality type and happiness of a marriage in a longitudinal study they carried out, but they also found that, in some circumstances, personalities would change in long-term relationships to match that of the other individual. Moreland Beach (1992) carried out a study with male workers that showed that, as they became more familiar with females they worked with, they also became more attracted to them, almost without noticing their physical attractiveness. This research shows that people tend to become more and more attracted to people as they get to know them better, but there is always the argument that the person would not approach the other person if they felt they were either far more attractive than themselves or if they viewed them as much less attractive. This then opens the question. Do people get together with people of the same levels of physical appearance as themselves? It is thought that all humans would go for the more attractive individual available but would be worried that this person would then accept a better offer and leave. Therefore people go for people on the same level as themselves. This is supported by (Walster and Walster, 1969). This aim of this study is to discover whether or not people in long-term relationships are of similar levels of physical appearance. My hypothesis suggests that people in long-term relationships will be of similar levels of physical appearance, reasons for choosing a directional hypothesis is that given the research conducted by Walster and Walster and Murstein it would suggest that there would be a positive correlation and my hypothesis would be correct. Anastasia Abellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11677009039634887479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4082334372415428851.post-91972262997347629522020-01-21T01:06:00.001-08:002020-01-21T01:06:03.648-08:00Biblical Flood Myth of Genesis and the Flood Myth of the Epic of GilgamThe Flood of the Bible and the Flood of Gilgamesh à à à à The story of Noahââ¬â¢s Ark, as told in the old testament, tells how God punished the world because it had become corrupt. God accomplished this by flooding the world, and annihilating all the creatures upon it, except for Noah and his family and a pair of each type of creature on the earth. Each decade, more insight is gained into the origin of the flood story. Based on the information available at the present time, one could argue that the story of Noahââ¬â¢s Ark was based on the Epic of Gilgamesh. The story of Noahââ¬â¢s Ark was first written as part of the old testament by the Jewish people. However, it is predated by far by the story of the Epic of Gilgamesh, a story that originated in the same area that holds many striking similarities to the tale of Noahââ¬â¢s Ark. Though the story was modified to accommodate new characters, many properties of the story are similar, from small details like the creatures used as scouts to the religious purpose of the flood itself. For example, both the flood stories start with the characters re... Anastasia Abellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11677009039634887479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4082334372415428851.post-12562928020854369322020-01-12T21:28:00.001-08:002020-01-12T21:28:04.201-08:00A universal language EssayAccording to a biblical account found in the book of Genesis, people once spoke the same language. Then, because those people banded together to build a tower in Babylon that glorified their own achievements, rather than those of their deity, God punished them. He ensured that mankind spoke different languages so that theyââ¬â¢d never be able to work together to dishonor God again. Was there once just a single language that all people could understand? Linguists donââ¬â¢t know; thereââ¬â¢s just not enough information about the origins of language, and there are only theories about how our early ancestors formed their first words and sentences. Did early people imitate sounds they heard in the environment? Did they babble until certain sounds took on meaning? Weââ¬â¢ll probably never know, though linguists still study babiesââ¬â¢ brains to determine if language or grammar comes hardwired in our heads. One prominent theory about the development of the first languages rel ates to tools and resources. Teaching another person how to use tools requires a certain, agreed-upon vocabulary, as does the process of sharingà and protecting resources like food and shelter. Small groups of people living in close quarters would therefore need to develop a way to understand each other, so they came up with a vocabulary and syntax that meant something to them. A group of people across the world from them, though, would probably need an entirely different vocabulary of words, so the languages would have developed differently in isolation. Think of the oft-quoted (but erroneous) example that Eskimos have 100 different words for snow because they have so much of it. While that common statement is wrong, there are cultures that have far more words for rice and camels than, say, English does. So these small groups of people, living in isolation from one another, agreed on names for their tools and food, and they came up with ways to describe how resources would be divided. But when another group migrated into the area, or came with different resources to trade, the groups had to find a way to merge their different lexicons and communicate. Over time, thatââ¬â¢s how languages have developed, and as some groups conquered others, thatââ¬â¢s how some languages died out. Travel among groups who speak different languages has been difficult over history; now, we live in a world where we can board a plane in New York City and land in China hours later. In a global world, wouldnââ¬â¢t there be a benefit to speaking the same language? Some groups have advocated that a universal language be adopted, but it would be difficult to find any group willing to give up their own language if only because so much culture and history becomes embedded within it over time. After all, the English would no sooner give up the language of Shakespeare than the Spanish would forsake the tongue of Cervantes. Attempts to create a universal second language have failed as well, but even if we could agree on a common language, itââ¬â¢s unlikely it would resemble itself 100 years from now. After all, thanks to the Internetââ¬â¢s influence, language has become a mix of emoticons and abbreviations like LOL. Languages simply evolve too rapidly to ever speak just one. Anastasia Abellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11677009039634887479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4082334372415428851.post-67084552946901841392020-01-04T17:52:00.001-08:002020-01-04T17:52:03.344-08:00American Values Family And Education - 1788 Words Most American values include family and education. Yet, when combined it can cause strain, obstacles difficult to overcome, and stigmas. Being a single parent is not easy. Society says you should get married first, then have children. They also say, you should find a career path that will help you support your family. While society has their models for success things donââ¬â¢t always work out as individualââ¬â¢s plan, which is why I believe, single parents seeking secondary education need more assistance for child care. Currently, in Rhode Island child care assistance is offered to those in a specific training program or working at least twenty hours during the day per week. Child care is not offered to college students. I can remember when I first started college and I had a young child and was denied child care because I worked during night hours and the fact that I was a full time student did not count for anything. Luckily for me, my family and I all sat down to figure out a plan to make sure I could still continue to pursue my goals. My family was my child care system. This was very frustrating to me because you have to go through the whole process of applying, wait about 3-4 weeks just to be denied. I had a wonderful support system that stepped in at a turning point in my life, but it made me wonder. What happens to those that want to pursue school, have young children, and donââ¬â¢t have people they can depend on or trust? What about the parents trying to set a good example, butShow MoreRelatedAsian American And Asian Americans964 Words à |à 4 PagesMany Asian Americans take great pride in a strong work ethic and an equally strong value system in terms of educational achievement. This cultural legacy stems from a long tradition of Asians coming into America as immigrants since the 19th century. During this time, there are third and fourth generation Asian Americans that have adopted the principles of a quality education and strong work ethic as part of being of Asian descent in a primarily white Anglo-American population. Culturally, many AsiansRead MoreThe, Good Times, And Modern Day Sitcom1221 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Blues to Education Insolvent, Ravenous, Fretting! Economical disadvantages leads to the three ideas stated, in laymanââ¬â¢s terms, broke, hungry, and worrying. Unfortunately, many African American individuals inhabit areas that display very tarnished living conditions, which includes violent criminals, illegal activities, and very low performing schools, better known as ââ¬Å"ghettosâ⬠. Consequently, due to the disadvantages and low prosperity in these communities, many young adolescents or studentââ¬â¢sRead MoreEssay on Comparing Amish and North American Society920 Words à |à 4 PagesAmish and North American Society We can compare Amish society as seen in the movie Witness to North American society to decide which is more ideal. An ideal society is one where there is a strong sense of community among all the members. Education prepares children for life; therefore the type of education a child receives will change the society in the next generation. Although education is valued in both societies, its focus is much different. The Laws of a society reflect the values of a communityRead MoreChildcare Differences Between American And Chinese Culture Essay1670 Words à |à 7 PagesChildcare in China differs in many ways compared to American childcare. Generally speaking, this occurs from generations of cultural differences. What are the differences? The main focuses are on values, punishment, actions, and education. We can also compare childhood, adolescence, and maturity. These certain values help mold a culture and shows how a parent chooses to bring their children up in society. Childcare differe nces show us habits, morals, and the intentions of a child in these culturesRead MoreComparing Amish and North American Society to Determine Which Is More951 Words à |à 4 PagesAmish and North American Society We can compare Amish society as seen in the movie Witness to North American society to decide which is more ideal. An ideal society is one where there is a strong sense of community among all the members. Education prepares children for life; therefore the type of education a child receives will change the society in the next generation. Although education is valued in both societies, its focus is much different. The Laws of a society reflect the values of a communityRead MoreThe Importance Of Social Work1507 Words à |à 7 Pagesemphasizes cultural competence due to the delivery of services to people with different cultures. Cultural competence allows social workers to increase the ability to understand viewing situations and be able to provide effective practice to individuals, families, groups, and communities. As we all know, it is critically important for social workers to empower clients by focusing on their strengths and promote their abilities, not to overpower them w ith own perspectives, assumptions, and judgmentsRead MoreAsian Americans Academic Success1728 Words à |à 7 Pages School Attendance and Family Expectations Among Asian Americans Race, gender and education are status determinants in todayââ¬â¢s society. Asian Americansââ¬â¢ academic success comes from a combination of helpful parents, a motivation to succeed, a supportive academic space, a supportive community and economic resources. In this paper, I will argue that Asian Americans attend college due to their cultural roots and familial expectations. Along the way to success are some hardships like stereotypes, genderRead MoreThe American Dream1183 Words à |à 5 Pages America, home of the great, land of the free, this is where people from around the world come to achieve the American dream, beginning with the people that originated the dream itself - the born Americans. Success can be achieved by any and every one with endless opportunities to obtain money, success and wealth; This is the American dream. The more money you have the more successful you are. America is a country of free thinkers, individualism, liberty, and privilege. It is a lan d of freedomRead MoreQuestions On Managing Diverse Classrooms1050 Words à |à 5 PagesManaging Diverse Classrooms: How to Build on Students Cultural Strengths Elise Trumbullââ¬â¢s theory that a cross-cultural conflict in values between Latino immigrant families and the schools was the heart of the problem of formal education for the families of these children and Carrie Rothstein-Fischââ¬â¢s expertise in pre-service teacher training produced Managing Diverse Classrooms: How to Build on Students Cultural Strengths. This book also provides educators with an understanding of how cultureRead MoreTrends in African American Families Essay1455 Words à |à 6 Pagesshown that African Americans are currently the least likely ethnic group to be married in this country. This paper will examine some of the reasons why this trend exists when there was a time when marriage rates among blacks were about equal to those of whites. History, culture, economics and dominant culture influences have impacted the current trends in African American families. Many are choosing to postpone marriage, while others are finding alternative ways to cultivate fa mily and raise children Anastasia Abellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11677009039634887479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4082334372415428851.post-83228825980100927652019-12-27T14:17:00.001-08:002019-12-27T14:17:04.499-08:00First, I Will Be Explaining My Management Style. Even After First, I will be explaining my management style. Even after discussing management styles, I am still not sure where I fall. I took several quizzes, but would get a different answer each time. Personally, I believe I usually settle between the authoritative and pacesetting management styles. I have high standards, but I am open to letting others find better way to complete a task. If they fail, I will take over and do the task myself, or let someone I find more knowledgable do it. I usually work by persuasion, and always provide feedback when I feel something could improve or if there is an easier way to complete a task. Second, I will be discussing interviews. Interviews are stressful, nerve-wracking and brutal. Not always, but as anâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦I also think I would strive in a business environment. My creativity and organizational skills would be useful for events, conventions and expos. I would even love to work on a cruise or resort for a few years. Even so, I am not planning on stage managing my entire life. Eventually, I want to move up and work more on an upper management level. I would love to work in executive management. Hopefully, over the years I will develop the skills needed for that type of position. Next, I will cover arts advocacy and the government. It was extremely exciting to be part of such a powerful organization that advocates for the arts. New Jersey has one of the strongest arts advocacy organizations out of all the states. ArtPride NJ is super involved with policy, education, and leadership. It is especially important for them to exist in our current political climate. The National Endowment for the Arts is in trouble right now of being completely depleted of all its funding and power. In summary, the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) was enacted by Lyndon B. Johnson and congress as an independent federal agency. It supports and funds equal access to the arts in the United States. The National Endowment for the Arts was created in 1965 as a way for The United States to invest in culture. It is important to me to be part of the discussion of public arts funding and advocacy. It is extremely clear, that public support of the artsShow MoreRelatedEssay about Thomas Green Case1081 Words à |à 5 PagesGael Cleophat MNGT 502 Dr. Premeaux Case Analysis Thomas Green: Power, Office Politics, and a Career in Crisis 1) What are the work styles and personalities of Thomas Green and Frank Davis? Thomas Green and Frank Davis use different working styles, and their personalities are also very different. When dealing with clients, Frank uses memos, proposals and also uses data to back up his proposals and give the client a better idea on what they are investing in. Thomas is more ofRead MoreDifference Between Management And Leadership1738 Words à |à 7 PagesTask 1 This part of the assignment will be explaining the difference between management and leadership. Then progressing onto a style of management and leadership, discussing the impact it can have on the staff team, parents and other stakeholders. Management style and leadership style. Managers and leaders are very similar as they both lead staff teams by motivation but they do this in different ways. Managers have more authority with the team and plan, organise and co-ordinate their team to mostRead MoreBehavior Is, Simply Put, A Function Of A Person And Environment,1666 Words à |à 7 Pagesthey are going to display certain behaviors based on the myriad of dimensions to their personality. If we move that same person to a pool deck on a Sunday afternoon, theyââ¬â¢re going to act very differently due to the change in their environment. As management, we know that success comes from being able to identify the different personality dimensions of our workers and understand how those dimensions relate to the environment that has been created at the workplace. The Study of Organizational BehaviorRead MoreDifferent Definitions Of Leadership, Skills, And Behavioral Styles That Set Me Apart From Everyone Else?1336 Words à |à 6 PagesWith different definitions of lea dership, different people also view my leadership skills differently. This is simply because I possess certain traits, skills and behavioral styles that set me apart from everyone else. Having completed the three surveys which includes; Five-Factor Trait Model, Skills inventory and Situational leadership surveys, a friend completed the Behavioral Style Questionnaire. Five- Factor Trait Model After I completed the short form on the website provided, a report was sentRead MoreTeaching And Learning Department Of Teaching1595 Words à |à 7 Pages I am currently enrolled as a teacher candidate within Southeastern Louisiana Universityââ¬â¢s College of Education and Human Development under the Department of Teaching and Learning. The department is continuously giving its teacher candidates the opportunity to display all of the knowledge, skills, and dispositions needed to become a truly effective educator in the first through fifth grade classroom setting. The Teaching and Learning Department encourages its teacher candidates to strive for excellenceRead MoreInterpersonal Conflict : Conflict And Conflict1607 Words à |à 7 Pagesconflict, your first instinct is to think of it as holding a negative meaning; but we have learned that in order for people to grow and fine-tune their problem solving skills, conflict helps. Throughout my twenty years of existence I have encountered many interpersonal conflicts with family, friends, bosses, co-workers, and occasionally people I donââ¬â¢t know. In this paper I am going to examine an interpersonal conflict that I encountered with my parents and my closest friends. I will do this byRead MoreAnalysis Of B. Jones s A Twenty Eight Book Series Written By Barbara Park1741 Words à |à 7 Pagesare some that even believe that Junie B. actually has some form of learning disability. But what if all of her disciplinary issues, her shouting in class, her immaturity, and even some of her speech impediments stem from not her own learning incompetencies, but her teachersââ¬â¢. In a classroom a teacher has the ability to either build a studentââ¬â¢s confidence and sense of industry or their skepticism and inferiority. The main way in which they can do this is through their teaching style and type of classroomRead MoreDiscussion Board : Perspective, Theory, And Practice1468 Words à |à 6 PagesTHEORY, AND PRACTICE I will be clarifying how reading Theory X, Y, Z and watched the media piece, Theory, affected my definition of theory. I will be explaining the reasons why it might be useful to make a connection between actual management situations and theory. I will also explain how theory can inform the actual practice of management. I will provide an example of my own supported observation to maintain my statements. In Conclusion, I will explain which of management theories presented inRead MorePersonal Statement Essay1118 Words à |à 5 PagesProject management became relevant in my life long before I even understood its propensity. It began at age fourteen when I started a neighborhood club for kids with the ambitious mission to save the earth. To create the project, my first agenda item was to recruit new members. I carried this out by going door to door and explaining my cause to the neighbors and asking if they would allow their kids to join the club. I then hosted a first meeting in my parentââ¬â¢s garage and was able to form anRead MorePast, Present amp; Future Paper1284 Words à |à 6 PagesPresent, and Future Paper I began my undergraduate studies at the University of Phoenix (UOP) in July 2006. The decision to pursue the Bachelor of Science in Business Management degree from UOP was based on the schoolââ¬â¢s curriculum, reputation, learning environment, and personal references. Past Looking back, it is amazing to reminisce upon the last two years. When I started school in July 2006, I had not been in an accredited learning environment in over thirty-two years. My previous schooling had Anastasia Abellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11677009039634887479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4082334372415428851.post-88203794760128091772019-12-19T10:06:00.001-08:002019-12-19T10:06:04.024-08:00Giving Birth As A Duty Essay - 1198 Words Giving birth as a duty Latin America holds the most restrictive abortion regulation in the world. Indeed, 4 in 5 of the countries around the world in which abortion is totally banned are located in the continent: Nicaragua, El Salvador, Dominican Republic, and Chile. In the rest of the region, abortion is barely accepted under very restricted circumstances, like saving womanââ¬â¢s life, due to very specific physical health conditions, and eventually in rape cases. Nonetheless, there are several practical obstacles to actually respect these already limited exceptions, like conservative routines among health staffs denying abortions, restrictions enforced through allegations in court, or inaccessible facilities or a lack of trained personnel. In Chile, a woman can be criminally prosecuted and face up to five years of imprisonment if she interrupted her pregnancy. The prohibition was settled by the military dictatorship just right before it left the government, by 1989, and ended up six decades in which a broad concept of therapeutic abortion was legally an option in the country. Since the recovery of democracy in March 1990, there has been no attempt to reverse this situation, ignoring women that still in need of interrupting an unwanted pregnancy and they still doing it under unsafe conditions, the official recommendations of human rights organizations in order to relax the prohibition, and the opinion of many women advocating for a pro-choice approach. This was the legal andShow MoreRelatedA Defense of Abortion Essay784 Words à |à 4 Pagesit is your duty to look after your baby. As Kant suggests, if you act according to your duty, you will be acting morally. Therefore, when you look after your child you are doing the right thing. Remember the distinction between good and right is huge. Doing the right thing might cause bad things, or vice versa. Moving with the violinist example, she suggests that the violinist is innocent. Well, I am not a devil too. I am innocent as well. If giving birth will risk myRead MoreUsing Artificial Methods Or Other Methods For Preventing Pregnancy As A Consequence Of Sexual Intercourse Become Norm?961 Words à |à 4 Pagesin 21st century, though in 20th century American society, it was debatable. In New York in 1920, a debate about birth control took place between Margaret Sanger and Winter Russel. They argued on the following issue ââ¬Å"Resolved, that the spreading of birth control knowledge is injurious to the welfare of humanity.â⬠Even though, the main core of the debate was about the spreading of birth control knowlage, both debaters argued and focused in their values. Mr. Russel a New York attorney argued from ChristianRead MoreTypes Of Wrongful Laws Dealing With Child Birth And They Are Wrong Life, Wrong Birth, Wrongful,1310 Words à |à 6 PagesThere are four different types of wrongful laws dealing with child birth and they are wrong life, wrong birth, wrongful pregnancy and wrongful breech. Wrongful life means th at the child can sue its parents or anybody that is raising them for being born. Wrongful life and wrongful birth is similar but different because wrongful birth is the parents suing the doctor or hospital for the disabled of their child. Wrongful pregnancy is the parent becoming pregnant or had a child without planning or wantingRead MoreRoles Of Women During The Aztec Society1187 Words à |à 5 Pagesstay home and take care of the house duties to women now being able to vote and even run for president. The roles of women in society today is very different compared to what the roles of women were in the Aztec society. Women in Aztec roles, mainly consist of marriage and pregnancy, domestic arts such as weaving and specific jobs, and her home and duties as a wife. Marriage in Aztec society for women started at an early age and was the main goal from birth. Before an Aztec women can get marriedRead MoreTHE ROLE OF THE MIDWIFE IN HOMEBIRTH Homebirth refers to the act of a woman giving birth at home1100 Words à |à 5 PagesTHE ROLE OF THE MIDWIFE IN HOMEBIRTH Homebirth refers to the act of a woman giving birth at home and is typically attended to by an independently practising midwife. The midwife plays a vital role throughout the experiences associated with homebirths such as embracing a cooperative partnership between women, infants and families. Such features are expressed by a midwife throughout a womanââ¬â¢s pregnancy, labour, birth and postnatal experience, therefore emphasising the importance of continuity of careRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Cutting Motherhood891 Words à |à 4 Pagesbiological parents have duties and obligations to defend the child from harm, 3) Only biological parents can fulfill the duties to defend the child from harm and it is immoral for a parent not to do so, 4) Surrogate motherhood contracts require the biological mother to give up her parental rights, 5) Giving up parental rights prevents the biological mother from fulfilling her duties to the child, Therefore, 6) Surrogate motherhood contracts ar e immoral because the duties to the child are not metRead MoreUnited States Abortion Laws Pro Choice1252 Words à |à 6 PagesAmerican Decades. However, this was not always the case and still causes controversy among many people living in America due to religious reasons. Those who follow specific religions argue that abortion is a murderous act and that it is the governmentââ¬â¢s duty to protect all life. On the other hand though, the other side believes that it should be the womanââ¬â¢s choice on whether or not to keep her child. This is because it is her own body and she has the right to do as she please with it. No matter what theRead MoreConcept Analysis of Responsibility726 Words à |à 3 Pagespersonal responsibility. There are parental responsibilities that are considered legal obligations. For example, The UN convention on the rights of a child are as follows, ââ¬Å"The child shall be registered immediately after birth and shall have the right from birth to a name, the right to acquire a nationality and as far as possible, the right to know and be cared for by his or her parentsâ⬠(Dad Info. 2014). Parental responsibilities gives the parent undeniable rights such as the other parentRead MoreThe Vile Practice Of Sex Selection Abortion1273 Words à |à 6 Pages127). Due to Chinese Confucian values, the Chinese place a special importance on the lives of males. It is this special value that made giving birth to a male far superior than giving birth to a female in Chinese society. According to a common Confucian saying, ââ¬Å"Womanââ¬â¢s greatest duty is to produce a sonâ⬠(Lee 21). This put immense pressure on females to give birth to males as their social statuses depended on it. Males are also known to be the preferred sex because they have a higher wage earningRead MoreBirthing Justice : Black Women, Pregnancy And Childbirth, By Julia Chineyere Oparah And Alicia D. Bonaparte Essay1067 Words à |à 5 PagesBonaparte explain how the individualââ¬â¢s ability to pay determines the quality of care they receive (Oparah Bonaparte, 2015, pg. 4). In relations to birthing, hospitals arenââ¬â¢t a place for an intimate connection between a woman thatââ¬â¢s about to give birth and their newborns. Itââ¬â¢s more of a time efficiency center where doctors (mainly white men) would purposely perform cesarean deliveries to not only save time, but to make a profit since c-section is more expensive. Most doctors would strategically use Anastasia Abellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11677009039634887479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4082334372415428851.post-20772086665561886382019-12-11T06:49:00.001-08:002019-12-11T06:49:02.771-08:00Diversification of Energy Sources free essay sample There are a number of arguments in favor of the diversification of energy sources in Australia. Development based on fossil fuels make the climate changing a more serious problem. According to Harding(2008) industrialized countries have responsibility to recognize renewable energy solutions as a priority and reduce the dependency on fossil-fuel energy, for the reason that the development relianted on fossil fuels has caused climate change issues. Moreover, the diversification of energy sources is environmentally friendly. Wu, etal(2009) assert that a mix of energy sources is needed for a cleaner economy in the future. There are, however, some valid arguments against diversification. First of all, Australian economy will be damaged hardly without fossil fuels. Sinclair(2009, PP. 60-67) asserts that coal is the most economical option to meet the nationââ¬â¢s energy demands, because of the large size and convenient locations of Australiaââ¬â¢s main black coal deposits. Secondly, Australiaââ¬â¢s coal industry has significant meaning for local economy, measures could be taken to limit the impacts to environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Diversification of Energy Sources or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to The Australian Coal Association(2011) new technologies could be developed to dramatically decrease the environmental impacts without abandoning the coal industry which is worth billions of dollars per year. In conclusion, there are important arguments both for and against the case for pursuing diversification of energy sources in Australia. Proponents of the diversification argue that using fossil-fuel energy makes climate changing a more serious problem, while critics claim that technologies could be developed to reduce environmental impacts which caused by fossil fuels. Clearly the benefits of diversification of energy sources outweigh the risks due to its sustainable development. Consequently, Australian government should pay more attention to the diversification of energy sources. Anastasia Abellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11677009039634887479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4082334372415428851.post-71009504603352791902019-12-03T18:30:00.001-08:002019-12-03T18:30:03.041-08:00Three Point Lighting Essay Example For Students Three Point Lighting Essay The most basic lighting technique used in cinema is the three-pointlighting system. It was developed during the Hollywood big studio era andis still widely practiced throughout the world. Three point lighting creates a very natural, realistic look to the scene. The primary light source, or key light, illuminates the dominant subject inthe shot. This draws the viewers eye directly to that point because it isthe highest point of contrast, usually of light and shadow. Acinematographer sets the key light up to direct attention towards theshots focal point of action, either psychological or physical. It is thebrightest light, usually positioned to illuminate the side of the personsface that isnt directly facing the camera. We will write a custom essay on Three Point Lighting specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Fill lights, which are approximately half as bright as the key lights,soften the harshness of the key light. This soft, diffused light, is oftenbounced off a reflective umbrella, or shined through a sheet of diffusionor softbox. This light is gentler on the subject than the key light, and itfills in the shadows of the key light. Its used to illuminate the side ofthe face opposite the key light, and reveals subsidiary details that wouldotherwise be hidden in shadow. The third point of the three point lighting system is the backlight. Backlights work to separate the foreground from the background, creating agreat depth of field. Without a backlight the image would appear very flatand two-dimensional. These three lights are used together to create themost realistic shot possible, and although seen as one of the most basiclighting techniques, is still used in many major films today. Anastasia Abellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11677009039634887479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4082334372415428851.post-13878466849068829642019-11-27T17:55:00.001-08:002019-11-27T17:55:03.726-08:00Moral Leadership and Business Ethics Anastasia Abellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11677009039634887479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4082334372415428851.post-46191371497426682082019-11-24T01:30:00.001-08:002019-11-24T01:30:04.893-08:00The Economic Performance of the UAEThe Economic Performance of the UAE The aim of this paper was to analyze the economic performance of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). In particular, the paper focused on the effect of the decline in economic growth rate in 2012 and the fiscal policy that can be implemented to boost economic growth. The IMF predicted a reduction in economic growth of the country from 4.9% in 2011 to 2.3% in 2012. The countryââ¬â¢s limited capacity to increase oil production is one of the factors that were expected to cause the decline in economic growth.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Economic Performance of the United Arab Emirates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The findings of this paper indicate that the reduction of economic growth rate would reduce the countryââ¬â¢s real output and increase unemployment in the long-run. Consequently, the government should implement an expansionary fiscal policy in order to stimulate economic growth. Moreover, the gover nment should focus on controlling the inflation and the crowding-out effect associated with expansionary fiscal policy. Summary of the Article According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the expansion rate of the economy of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) was expected to reduce from 4.9% in 2011 to 2.3% in 2012. The reduction was attributed to the countryââ¬â¢s inability to increase its oil production. Nonetheless, the economy was expected to maintain its recovery. The 2009-2010 Dubai debt crisis adversely affected the countryââ¬â¢s property industry. Consequently, Dubai World, which is a state-owned corporation, had to restructure its debts that were worth twenty five billion dollars. Nonetheless, the country was able to survive the crisis due to favorable oil prices and improved trade with Asia. According to the IMF, the uncertainty of the performance of the world economy was a threat to UAEââ¬â¢s forecasted growth. Concisely, continued decline in the performance o f the world economy would limit the ability of UAEââ¬â¢s state-owned corporations to replace their maturing debts with new ones. Despite the efforts made to restructure the debts, most state-owned corporations still required high refinancing. The IMF also believed that the governmentââ¬â¢s decision to consolidate fiscal policy was right. Explanation of the Article based on AD-AS Model The economy of the UAE as described in the article can be explained in the framework of the aggregate demand (AD) and aggregate supply (AS) model. The model is made of up of three curves namely, the ââ¬Å"aggregate demand curve (AD), the short run aggregate supply curve (SAS) and the long run supply curve (LAS)â⬠(Rossana 81). Figure 1 shows the short run equilibrium of the economy of the UAE. Aggregate demand includes consumption by private economic entities, investments, government expenditure, and net exports (Chamberlin, Linda and Yueh 241). In this regard, the factors that will cause a shift in the AD curve of UAEââ¬â¢s economy include foreign income, income distribution, and fiscal policy, as well as, anticipations concerning future output and prices.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Foreign income refers to the income earned in UAEââ¬â¢s major trading partners such as the United States of America, Europe, and Asian countries. According to the article, the recovery of the global economy is uncertain. This implies that foreign income will reduce if the global economy continues to deteriorate. Thus, the demand for UAEââ¬â¢s exports such as oil will reduce. As a result, the earnings of UAEââ¬â¢s exporting firms will decrease. This partly explains why the state-linked firms will not be able to rollover their debts if the performance of the global economy worsens. Overall, the decline in foreign income will cause the AD curve to shift to the left from AD0 to AD1, thereby reducing real output from Y0 to Y1. Following IMFââ¬â¢s prediction of economic decline, producers expect demand for their products to reduce in future. Thus, they will reduce investments and production in order to avoid the losses associated with high variable costs and low demand (Rossana 126). Similarly, consumers will associate the expected economic decline with reduced future earnings. Thus, they are likely to reduce consumption in order to save for the future. Consequently, the AD curve will shift to the left from AD0 to AD1, whereas real output will reduce from Y0 to Y1. As firms reduce investments and production in response to the expected economic decline, the ââ¬Å"distribution of income from profit earners to wage earners is likely to worsenâ⬠(Minford and Peel 329). Generally, wage earners allocate a larger portion of their income to consumption than profit earners. Thus, allocation of income in favor of profit earners rather th an wage earners will move the AD curve to the left. Finally, the governmentââ¬â¢s plan to consolidate fiscal policy is likely to involve a reduction in public expenditure. This will lower aggregate demand, thereby shifting the AD curve to the left. The SAS illustrates the response of prices and real output to changes in aggregate demand in the short run (Romer 415). UAEââ¬â¢s short run supply curve will shift due to changes in productivity. The expected economic decline will lead to reduced productivity, thereby shifting the SAS curve in figure 2 to the left from SAS0 to SAS1.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Economic Performance of the United Arab Emirates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Additionally, real output will reduce from Y0 to Y1. If the global economy continues to deteriorate, the prices of UAEââ¬â¢s exports will decline. This will discourage production among exporters, thereby reducing aggr egate supply. Thus, the SAS curve will shift to the left. The expected decline in economic growth will cause the aggregate supply curve and the aggregate demand curve to shift to the left. These shifts are associated with a reduction in real output from Y0 to Y1. As a result, the short run equilibrium of the countryââ¬â¢s economy will shift from E0 to E1. Description of the Economic Situation of the Market The expected decline in economic growth will affect both the goods and factor markets. In the goods market, the economic decline can have positive effects for consumers. This is because inflation usually declines when economic growth reduces (Rossana 112). Concisely, economic decline reduces demand for goods and services. Thus, producers and sellers are likely to reduce the prices of their products in order to stimulate demand and to clear their stock of manufactured goods, thereby reducing inflation. In this case, the consumers will have a higher purchasing power than they had before the reduction of the prices. On the contrary, the price reductions will affect the producers negatively. This is because it will reduce their profit margins. In addition, some producers might sell their goods at a loss. The expected economic decline will also affect prices in the factor market. As profits reduce, companies are likely to implement cost-cutting measures such as reducing their workforce. Moreover, companies are likely to reduce their investments in new equipment or borrowing in order to expand their operations (Minford and Peel 215). In this regard, factor prices will fall. For example, wage rates are likely to reduce as companies layoff their employees. Similarly, interest rates, which is the cost of financial capital is likely to reduce as demand for loans declines. The reduction in factor prices will benefit producers by lowering their costs of production. Nonetheless, it will negatively affect suppliers of factors of production. For example, low wage rates will reduce workersââ¬â¢ disposable income and purchasing power. The Right Fiscal Policy Fiscal policy refers to the use of ââ¬Å"government expenditure, taxation, and borrowing to influence the level of aggregate demand, output, and jobs in an economyâ⬠(Chamberlin, Linda and Yueh 197). Fiscal policy enables the government to influence the pattern of expenditure and income distribution in its economy.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, Keynesians believe that fiscal policy has a great impact on consumption, productivity, and job creation in an economy that has an excess capacity. Thus, the government of the UAE should implement an expansionary fiscal policy in order to prevent a recession. An expansionary fiscal policy refers to ââ¬Å"the increase in government expenditure and or a decrease in taxes that usually results into an increase in budget deficit or a reduction in budget surplusâ⬠(Chamberlin, Linda and Yueh 210). Justification for Implementing Expansionary Fiscal Policy An expansionary fiscal policy should be implemented because it will enable the government to reverse the economic decline. Concisely, the policy will spur economic growth by stimulating consumption and demand. The unemployment rate in the UAE increased from 3% in 2008 to 4.2% in 2012 (Nyarko 4-15). On the contrary, the countryââ¬â¢s inflation rate was as low as 0.7% in 2012. The increase in unemployment rate, low inflation, and the expected reduction in GDP growth suggest that the economy is operating below its potential output. The government can push the countryââ¬â¢s real output back to its near potential level by implementing an expansionary fiscal policy that involves an increase in public spending. Government ââ¬Å"expenditure is one of the components of aggregate demandâ⬠(Rossana 47). Thus increasing it will result into an increase in aggregate demand. Figure 3 shows the effect of an expansionary fiscal policy on real output. According to figure 3, a rise in aggregate demand due to an increase in spending by the government will move the AD curve to the right from AD0 to AD1. Consequently, the countryââ¬â¢s real output will increase from Y0 to Yp. In this case, Yp is the potential output. As the economy moves towards its potential output, the rate of GDP growth is likely to increase. How the Expansionary Fiscal Policy will affect the Economy First, the policy will lead to increased e conomic growth, thereby improving earnings in the private and public sector. Concisely, firms are likely to increase investments and to employ more people in order to increase their production in response to the expected increase in aggregate demand (Rossana 233). In this regard, increased productivity will raise firm profits and the incomes earned by workers. The government can also create employment through the expansionary fiscal policy. For example, it can create thousands of jobs in the construction industry by constructing new roads and schools. Second, an expansionary fiscal policy is likely to be inflationary. Figure 3 shows that prices will increase from P0 to P1 as real output increases after the implementation of the expansionary fiscal policy. A sharp increase in inflation is not desirable because it will reverse the benefits of the economic growth. Concisely, a high inflation reduces consumersââ¬â¢ purchasing power. Thus, aggregate demand will reduce if wages are not raised in response to the increase in inflation (Minford and Peel 316). Similarly, a high inflation will raise the prices of inputs, thereby increasing production costs. If the producers are able to pass the high costs of production to consumers, the prices of various goods and services will increase, thereby reducing demand. However, producers will have to absorb the high costs of production if they cannot share them with the consumers. In this case, firm profits will reduce in response to the high production costs. Nonetheless, the inflationary effect is not likely to be severe because the countryââ¬â¢s inflation in 2012 was less than 1% (World Bank). Countries can increase their economic growth rate and create employment as long as they maintain a single digit inflation rate (Rossana 102). Thus, the inflation associated with the expansionary fiscal policy is not likely to be detrimental if it is less than 10%. Third, the expansionary fiscal policy is likely to increase UAEâ⠬â¢s public debt if it is financed through borrowing. In 2012, the countryââ¬â¢s public debt as a percentage of its GDP was 40%. Thus, the country is likely to fall into a debt trap if it continues to increase its public debt. A debt trap is a situation in which the government has to borrow in order to pay the interests charged on its existing debts. Countries that have fallen into debt traps often have poor credit ratings due to their limited ability to repay their loans. Thus, a low credit rating will limit the countryââ¬â¢s ability to access capital from foreign lenders such as the IMF. High public debt is also not desirable because it involves a redistribution of income from taxpayers to holders of government debt securities (Romer 516). In this regard, it is likely to redistribute income from low-income earners who pay taxes to the rich who invest in government bonds. This is because the interests on government bonds are paid through taxes. Fourth, an expansionary fisca l policy is likely to have a crowding-out effect in the economy if it is implemented through a large deficit spending. In this case, the government will have to borrow a large amount of financial capital from the public in order to implement the policy. Conceptually, the government will be competing with private firms for capital. Consequently, interest rates will increase, thereby limiting the ability of private firms to access credit through the financial and capital markets. The government will have to increase taxes in order to repay the funds borrowed from the public. High taxes in the medium run will reduce consumersââ¬â¢ disposable income (Minford and Peel 117). The resulting reduction in consumption and demand, as well as, limited access to capital will lead to reduced investments. Thus, economic growth will decline. The Fiscal Policy Tools The tools that should be used to implement expansionary fiscal policy are increased government spending and tax cuts. Increased gover nment expenditure can be implemented in the following was. First, the government can increase its transfer payments. This involves increasing expenditure on social security programs such as unemployment benefit, state pension, and grants to students. Transfer payments ensure that every citizen has access to some minimum regular income (Minford and Peel 391). Transfer payments will improve the purchasing power of the poor, thereby increasing aggregate demand and economic growth. Second, the government can expand its current budget on recurrent expenditure. This involves increasing expenditure on public goods such as education and health care. In this regard, the government can increase employment in the education and health sector by hiring more teachers and nurses respectively. Additionally, the government can improve the salaries of workers in the sectors that provide public goods. Provision of public goods also involves expenditure on consumables such as stationery. Thus, aggregat e demand is likely to increase as the government increases its expenditure on public goods. This will lead to improved economic growth. Finally, government expenditure can be increased through capital spending. This involves increasing investments on infrastructure such roads, schools, and hospitals. Capital spending has a great effect on aggregate demand and supply because it stimulates high consumption. For example, construction of new roads will increase demand in the industries that supply construction materials. In addition, construction projects usually create thousands of employment opportunities. This will help the country to address the problem of persistent unemployment. Taxes can be direct or indirect. Direct taxes are charged on employment income and profits. Indirect taxes are levied on spending. They include value added tax (VAT) and excise duties on goods such as petrol. Most residents of the UAE do not pay personal income tax. Nonetheless, corporate tax is charged in most of the emirates. For example, nearly all companies in Dubai pay taxes on their earnings. In Dubai, corporate tax can be as high as 55% (Nyarko 4-15). Generally, most emirates levy corporate taxes on foreign oil companies, petrochemical firms, and foreign banks. These companies pay up to 55% of their operating profits as income tax to the government. Even though most residents of the UAE are exempted from income tax, they usually pay several indirect taxes. For example, municipal taxes of between 5% and 10% are usually levied on revenue generated from entertainment services, hotel operations, and commercial premises (Nyarko 4-15). In addition, most imported goods are subject to an import duty of up to 5%. Thus, the government can still implement the expansionary fiscal policy by reducing indirect taxes that are levied on consumption. For example, a reduction of taxes on entertainment and hotel rooms can lower the cost of staying in hotels. Consequently, hotel occupancy will inc rease, thereby raising the income of hotel owners and securing jobs in the hotel and restaurant industry. In addition, the government can reduce the corporate taxes that are paid by foreign oil and bank companies in order to improve their earnings. Lower taxes will enable these companies to allocate a better part of their earnings to investments rather than paying taxes. This will increase their productivity, thereby promoting economic growth. Impact of the Fiscal Policy Tools in the Economy Increased Government Expenditure Increased government spending will benefit the economy in the following ways. First, capital spending will lead to an increase in the total assets of the state. In particular, it will lead to expansion of the infrastructure that is necessary for the growth of businesses in the country. For example, the expansion of roads and railway systems will improve efficiency in transportation. The resulting reduction in the cost of transportation will reduce the overall cos t of producing goods and services in the economy. According to figure 4, a reduction in the cost of production shifts the aggregate supply curve downwards, thereby increasing real output from Y1 to Y2. This shows that investments on infrastructure that support economic activities will lead to high economic growth. Furthermore, foreign direct investments are likely to increase if capital spending is used to expand the countryââ¬â¢s infrastructure. For example, more airlines are likely to operate form Dubai if its airport is expanded. This will create more jobs and spur economic growth through increased consumption. Second, provision of public goods and services such as education and health care will have positive supply-side effects in the economy by improving the quality of the countryââ¬â¢s human capital. For example, funding higher education through grants to students will enable more people to improve their technical skills. People with high academic qualifications are like ly to be highly productive because they have the knowledge and skills that are necessary for achieving innovation (Al-Khateeb, Darrat and Elkhal 297-306). Similarly, spending on youth apprenticeship programs will enable fresh graduates to gain adequate job experience, thereby improving their employability. Concisely, it will enable the government to improve the competitiveness of the youth in the job market in order to reduce unemployment in the country. Similarly, expenditure in the health care sector will improve the health status of the citizens, thereby improving their productivity. Third, expanding social safety net programs is an effective way of improving the incomes of the poorest people in the country. By 2012, nearly 10% of the population of the United Arab Emirates was living in poverty (World Bank). Improving the income of the population living in poverty through transfer payments will boost consumption. The resulting increase in demand for goods and services will encour age producers to increase their output through new investments. Transfer payments are also a means of income and wealth redistribution in the economy. This is because transfer payment programs are financed through taxes, which are often paid by the rich. The benefit of redistributing income from the rich to the poor is that it enhances equality in the economy. Additionally, reducing income disparity reduces the chances of social unrests, which can hinder productivity and economic growth. Tax Cuts Tax cuts will affect the economy in the following ways. To begin with, reducing corporate tax will enhance investment in the economy. The oil and gas sector contributes approximately 31.3% of the GDP of the United Arab Emirates (Nyarko 4-15). Nonetheless, companies in this industry, especially, the foreign ones pay nearly 55% of their operating profits as taxes. This reduces the amount of funds that firms in the industry can allocate to investments and expansion. According to the article, r educed production in the oil and gas industry is one the factors that were expected to slow the countryââ¬â¢s economic growth. However, productivity in the industry can be improved by lowering taxes in order to enable firms to allocate a large portion of their earnings to investments. For instance, firms in the industry can focus on oil exploration, thereby increasing the countryââ¬â¢s oil and gas output. Any small increase in productivity in the oil and gas industry is likely to have a great multiplier effect in the economy. This is because the industry employs thousands of people and supplies oil, which is the main source of energy for production in the country. Lowering taxes is also likely to attract foreign direct investments in the country. Foreign investors often invest in countries that provide tax incentives so that they can improve their earnings. An increase in foreign direct investments will have a powerful demand-side effect in the economy. Concisely, the consumpt ions associated with new investments by foreign investors will increase the demand for various goods and services in the economy. The increase in demand will encourage producers to increase their output, thereby increasing the countryââ¬â¢s GDP (Rossana 88). Finally, reducing the level of compulsory pension contribution will improve the purchasing power of the citizens. Concisely, a reduction of the compulsory contributions will enable the citizens to have a high disposable income, which will enable them to purchase more goods and services. Impact on Macroeconomic Indicators The article highlights three important macroeconomic factors, which have implications for the country. These include the expected reduction in GDP growth, planned fiscal consolidation, and uncertain performance of the world economy and financial markets. These factors will affect the countryââ¬â¢s unemployment and output in the following ways. Output The forecasted reduction in economic growth means that t he countryââ¬â¢s output (measured by GDP) expanded at a slower rate in 2012 than in the previous year. Expectations concerning future decline in economic activity usually influence production decisions. Producers and investors associate a reduction in the rate of economic growth with a decline in profits or corporate earnings (Romer 477). Thus, they are likely to reduce their output in response to the expected decline in demand as the economy slows down. In this regard, expectations of a decline in future earnings will lower the countryââ¬â¢s output. The countryââ¬â¢s output is also likely to decline if the global economic environment continues to deteriorate. Concisely, poor performance of the world economy will reduce the demand for the countryââ¬â¢s main exports such as oil. Thus, UAEââ¬â¢s exporters will reduce their output in response to the low demand for their products. Similarly, uncertainty in the global financial environment will limit the ability of UAEâ⠬â¢s firms to access credit from foreign markets. This will limit investments and reduce the countryââ¬â¢s output. Fiscal consolidation involves implementing strategies that enable the government to reduce its budget deficit and overall public debt (Rossana 121). Thus, fiscal consolidation involves a reduction in public spending by the government. Reducing government expenditure is essentially a contractionary fiscal policy. According to figure 5, a reduction in government spending will cause a shift in the aggregate demand curve to the left, thereby reducing real output from Y0 to Y1. Thus, fiscal consolidation is likely to reduce the countryââ¬â¢s output. Unemployment Unemployment is a lagging macroeconomic indicator because it usually takes time to respond to a change in GDP growth. Thus, the countryââ¬â¢s unemployment rate may not change significantly in the short run as the economy slows down. Reducing the workforce in response to falling demand and hiring new employe es as economic activity improves usually involves high costs. Thus, firms are likely to retain their employees in the short run even if the rate of GDP growth is reducing. In this case, the unemployment rate may not increase by a big margin. Okunââ¬â¢s law suggests a negative long run relationship between unemployment and GDP growth (Chamberlin, Linda and Yueh 245). Thus, if the countryââ¬â¢s economic decline persists for a long time, unemployment rate will increase. This is because firms will opt to reduce their workforce in order to avoid high fixed costs. According to Okunââ¬â¢s law, the rate at which new jobs are created depends on the rate of GDP growth. Thus, a reduction in the growth of the countryââ¬â¢s GDP will slow the rate at which new jobs are created. Hence, the problem of high unemployment will persist. Conclusion The IMF expected the rate of GDP growth in the UAE to decline from 4.9% in 2011 to 2.3% in 2012. This decline was attributed to the countryââ¬â ¢s limited capacity to increase oil production and uncertain global economic environment. The countryââ¬â¢s government can stimulate economic growth by implementing an expansionary fiscal policy. In particular, it should increase public spending and reduce taxes. An expansionary fiscal policy is appropriate because the country has a low inflation rate, whereas its unemployment rate is high. Additionally, the policy will stimulate demand, thereby increasing the rate of GDP growth. Nonetheless, an expansionary fiscal policy is likely to be inflationary. Moreover, it can crowd-out investments in the private sector and increase public debt if it is financed through large-scale borrowing. In this regard, the government should also implement policies that will prevent high inflation and the crowding-out effect. Appendix Figure 1: AD-AS Model (shift in AD curve) Figure 2: AD-AS Model (shift in SAS curve) Figure 3: Effect of expansionary fiscal policy Figure 4: Effect of reduced prod uction costs Figure 5: effect of fiscal consolidation Al-Khateeb, Faisal, Ali Darrat and Khaled Elkhal. The UAE Growth Surge: Have Information Technology and Human Capital Contributed? Studies in Economics adn Finance 24.4 (2007): 297-306. Print. Chamberlin, Graeme, Linda Linda and Yi-Chuang Yueh. Macroeconomics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006. Print. Minford, Patrick and David Peel. Advanced Macroeconomics. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2002. Print. Nyarko, Yaw. The United Arab Emirates. Business. New York: UNU-WIDER, 2013. Print. Romer, David. Advanced Macroeconomics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. Print. Rossana, Robert. Macroeconomics. London: Oxford University Press, 2011. Print. World Bank. UAE Economic Indicators. World Bank Group, 31 Dec. 2012. Web. Anastasia Abellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11677009039634887479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4082334372415428851.post-60617458573604305242019-11-21T06:17:00.001-08:002019-11-21T06:17:17.788-08:00International Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsInternational Management - Essay Example Accumulating precious metals like gold and silver were considered to be one of the most important indicators of wealth. As a result of this, heavy duty was imposed on exports of gold. Thus the aim of nations is to accumulate more and more precious metals. Trade in the modern world is entirely different from those centuries. Economists had understood that precious metals cannot be set as a benchmark as their reserves are limited. Moreover, colonialism which was one of the major strategies of wealth creation cannot be practiced in the present world. Imports cannot be controlled in the present economy. Nor can the exports be penalized with heavy duties. For an effective balance of trade, a proper import and export level is required. The assumptions of mercantilism are totally against globalization without which economic development cannot happen in the modern world. Mercantilism also involves forceful sales of goods to consumers leaving them no better option. Such practice cannot be ado pted in the modern world. Therefore, it can very clearly be concluded that mercantilism is a bankrupt theory. Falling dollar and rising exports A falling dollar means that dollar is being undervalued against other major currencies. Such a phenomenon will have a huge impact on the export figures. In the case of exporting, dollars are received for the goods that are exported. ââ¬Å"A lower dollar increases the price competitiveness of US exports.â⬠(Economics Help, 2011) When dollar is devalued, more dollars will have to be paid for transactions. Therefore, from the US perspective more dollars will be received in terms of the payments made by importing countries. As a result of this, there will be a temporary increase of revenue for the exports sector. This scenario is highly beneficial for the manufacturing and exporting companies and a little unfavorable for the importing companies. ââ¬Å"A weaker dollar makes it easier for foreign investors to acquire key U.S. assets, such a s manufacturers.â⬠(Duesterberg, 2008) The weak dollar makes American goods cheaper in the global markets. As a result, American exporting companies will reap huge benefits. Companies can generate more profits in this scenario and thereby accumulate more greenbacks in their reserves. This will help the US manufacturing companies to be highly competitive against their Peers. For example, Proctor & Gamble, which produces majority of its products in US, will see an increase in profits when the dollar falls. At the same time, its archrival Unilever, which belongs to Europe, will see its profit diminishing. Therefore, a series of decline in dollar value will benefit the US companies while at the same time hitting the importing companies. Importing companies will have to pay more greenbacks for the goods that are imported into US. This will lead to low profitability for them. Organizational issues of transnational of transnational strategies A transnational strategy is defined as a c ommon strategy that is suitable or acceptable for various markets. ââ¬Å"When employing a transnational strategy, the goal is to combine elements of global and multidomestic strategies.â⬠(Enotes.com, 2011) Transnational strategy was being introduced in order to eliminate the limitations of global strategy. A global strategy may not be suitable for Anastasia Abellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11677009039634887479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4082334372415428851.post-10584876008351322222019-11-20T06:21:00.001-08:002019-11-20T06:21:04.997-08:00Keepers of the Future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsKeepers of the Future - Essay Example The shortage of well-trained, credible teachers who possess the right personal qualities necessary for preschool teachers is becoming widespread.à Government funds simply cannot provide the proper training for them, much less, the salaries and benefits they need.à Hence, it is a sad reality that many children miss out on the benefits of quality care and education.à More basic than education, health of children all over the world, is likewise at risk, as reported by UNICEF (2008) in its report on the State of the Worldââ¬â¢s Children 2009.à These articles have impressed upon me a sorry future for todayââ¬â¢s young children if people will not move to make it better for them. The shortage of well-trained, credible teachers who possess the right personal qualities necessary for preschool teachers is becoming widespread.à Government funds simply cannot provide the proper training for them, much less, the salaries and benefits they need.à Hence, it is a sad reality that many children miss out on the benefits of quality care and education.à More basic than education, health of children all over the world, is likewise at risk, as reported by UNICEF (2008) in its report on the State of the Worldââ¬â¢s Children 2009.à These articles have impressed upon me a sorry future for todayââ¬â¢s young children if people will not move to make it better for them. Third world countries may suffer a more dire reality, depending on the peopleââ¬â¢s priorities.à In the Philippine setting, education is seen as a major priority and investment of parents. Hence, many families believe in preschool education.à At least in the metropolis, the countryââ¬â¢s growing profiles of dual-income earning families is pushing more and more parents to enroll their young children in preschools instead of leaving them with the household help.à As children turn two years, many parents already go out to choose the right preschool for their toddlers. This cho ice must be seriously made since a wrong choice of preschool may cause more harm than good for the children. Like in the articles, many teachers in the Philippines are not appropriately trained to handle very young children.à Traditional approaches such as lecturing and expecting young children to learn from mere workbooks and rote still prevail.à Although there are a lot of preschools in existence upholding more progressive methods and developmentally-appropriate practices, their market is very limited since such schools tend to charge higher rates.à And even if training is available for teachers in carrying out progressive methods, it is a common complaint among them that administrators of their school are just not open to implementing it because of their resistance to get out of their comfort zones. Anastasia Abellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11677009039634887479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4082334372415428851.post-14413528528332342042019-11-17T19:03:00.001-08:002019-11-17T19:03:03.559-08:00Proposal - Emirates Academy Scholarship Research- Emirates Academy Scholarship - Research Proposal Example The increase in the number of tourism has increased business for hotels and other sectors such as airlines and retail. As the tourism industry has registered increased growth, the number of hotels has also received an upward growth to the growth in the demand and number of guests in the country (Desai 28). Not only has the growth in tourism led to the growth in the number of hotels and hotels rooms in the region, it has also led to increase in prices charged by hoteliers. No. of UAE nationals in the hospitality industry in Dubai According to Stephenson (14), the number of UAE nationals working in the hospitality industry in Dubai has been increasing with time, as a survey in the hotels reflects. As the hotel business has increasingly faced growth and expansion, the number of people seeking both education and work in hotel and hospitality has also grown significantly (Jain web). Although no actual data is figuratively available to show the number of Emirati working in the hotel indust ry in Dubai, the situation has recorded growth over the last few years. Jumeirah international LLC maintains employment data has prioritised in facilitating and monitoring Emirati employment. In 2012, the number of Emirati employees working in Jumeirah grew from 178 to 233, while in 2013 it has reached at 226. New schemes adopted by different hotels have led to the rise in the number of Emirate nationals working in the industry. Different schemes have been adopted by different groups that have sought to increase locals seeking employment in the hotels. Generally, Emirates has been a hospitable region, with other nationals seeking employment in hotels based in Dubai. The number of working hours has been the biggest turn off so far for the Emirati seeking to be employed in the hotels (ââ¬Å"Food Weekly Newsâ⬠web). Year growth (%) of UAE students intake/graduated The increase in the number of Emirati working in the hospitality industry indicates an increase in the number of stud ents enrolling in hospitality institutions. In EAHM for example, the total number of Emirate nationals who have joined the undergraduate program is 56 since the year 2001. Similar to the high turnover rates in the jobs, the withdrawal trends in the school are also high. Up to 43% of all students who enrol for the hospitality program have been found to drop. However, more measures have been put up by the government to ensure more students enrol and complete their studies in the college and other schools of hospitality (ââ¬Å"Al Bawabaâ⬠1). Specialties that UAE nationals target According to the UAE National Charter 2021, the UAE nationals target champions in all the fields of the economy (ââ¬Å"United Arab Emirates Ministry of Cabinet Affairsâ⬠Anastasia Abellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11677009039634887479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4082334372415428851.post-37179288268151204032019-11-15T07:35:00.001-08:002019-11-15T07:35:11.532-08:00Influence of Product Packaging on ConsumersInfluence of Product Packaging on Consumers The manner and importance of Packaging Design in Terms of Practical Business and Shipping Considerations as well as in the Marketing and Consumer Context with Respect to Design, Construction and Content. Chapter 1 ââ¬â Introduction The concept of product packaging along with design represents an understanding that to market oneââ¬â¢s item to consumers entails an understanding that they have choices and the core idea in implementing the preceding represents swaying that choice to oneââ¬â¢s particular brand. Product packaging, in terms of human history and civilization, is a relatively new concept in that the early tribal and village cultures caught and consumed food where it was located, moving frequently to avail themselves of game and growing produce (Berger, 2002). The self contained and self sufficiency nature of this type of existence created little need to store, transport or package items as they were consumed almost instantly. Containers of that period consisted of leaves, shells and gourds which later gave way to materials that were of natural origin, such as animal organs, containers made of woven grasses and logs that were hollowed (Berger, 2002). As humankind progressed, gathered into larger vi llages and what could be termed towns the increased nature of commerce included foodstuffs as an item of trade. Trading marts sold not only woven materials and fashioned implements, but were a location where hunters and farmers brought items to market to be sold. The earliest example of pottery and earthen containers has been traced back to the Paleolithic period around the 11th millennium where samples were found in the Japanese islands (Wikipedia, 2005). The initial uses with respect to food and other products was the mass or volume storage of grains, jewels, and weapons such as arrows and other items, with this evolving into farmers and merchants devising means to measure amounts and weigh items to sell to buyers and purchasers on an equal basis. The development of a uniform size for varied containers which held differing amounts provided a quick and consistent measurement via which merchants could relatively quickly dispense varied amounts in uniform measurements and as commerce grew, crude packaging was utilized to (Berger, 2002) Hold specific amounts of products that helped to define the size or amount that would be purchased by consumers. Protect products from being contaminated as well as from varied forms of environmental damages such as rain, dust, etc. and to help to limit or prevent theft. Aid in the transport of products as well as storage and movement. And later to provide a means of identification which evolved into the utilization of designs and markings that made attractive display additions. 1.1 Types of Packaging There are varied types of packaging which have been employed through the ages as the innovations and discoveries in other fields impacted upon this area. As a result packaging categories can be divided into the following segments: Flexible: This is comprised of material that easily bends and conforms to the contents, and in the case of modern packaging consists of containers that hold sugar, potato chips and the varied packages that we utilize to put items into for carting home from the market. The utilization of cloth, leaves and woven grasses falls into this category and represents some of the earliest forms of packaging utilization. Flexible packaging is termed ââ¬Å"source-reducedâ⬠, which means that it adds and or has the least amount of material when compared with other packaging types that could be utilized, thus adding minimal weight (Integrated Waste Management Board, 2005). The advantage is also that flexible packaging is easily discarded after use. Flexible packaging use on a commercially wide scale basis has been traced back to the Chinese in the first or second century BC, who utilized sheets of mulberry bark that was treated as a wrapping for foods (Logan City Council, 2005). The Chinese refined and further developed packaging techniques in the ensuing centuries as a result of innovations in the art of making paper and as the knowledge of papermaking spread across continents as a result of exploration and trade, it made its way through Asia and eventually Europe. Papermaking was first introduced in England in 1310 and arrived in the United States in 1690, when it was introduced to Germantown, Pennsylvania (infoplease.com. 2005). Paper then consisted of a thin sheet of cellulose and its early development comprised cellulose fibers that were derived from flax, which is the same plant that is utilized to make fibers for linen. The early demand for paper actually created a situation whereby old linen rags were utilized as a fibe r source in its making. It was not until 1867 that making paper from wood pulp, the process we commonly are familiar with, came into use (Berger, 2002). The plentiful and inexpensive nature of this supply source resulted in its becoming the primary source of papermaking and permitted the utilization of paper based products to be used in various manners. As wood pulp replaced cloth, the use of paper became widespread as the cost to manufacture it rapidly decreased. The first important development in packaging came with the creation of paper bags in 1844 when this was introduced in Bristol, England. Francis Wolle in the United States invented a machine in 1852 that made paper bags and this made the use of this type of packaging to become one of the primary sources of that time (TheGreatIdeaFinder.com). Developments along these lines continued in the 1870à ´s as glue was utilized to make paper sacks, along with the introduction of the gusset design which is the construction method we are familiar with today. Further advancements included the invention of machinery that produced what is termed as in-line printed paper bags which aided in marketing and merchandising differentiation. The development of the glued paper sack enabled the replacement of the more expensive cotton flour sack, and eventually the creation of multi-walled paper sacks permitted this material to replace cloth when the method to sew multi-walled paper sack ends was invented in 1925. The development of plastics as a packaging material came into being in the early 1970s and as a result of its many forms, it occupies the flexible, semi-flexible and rigid categories along with paper. Semi-flexible The utilization of paper based packaging as a material took a further step with the development of paperboard, which we understand in todayââ¬â¢s context as the type of paper utilized in cereal packaging. This innovation was first produced in the United Kingdom in 1817, which is approximately two hundred years after the Chinese invented this process (Logan City Council, 2005). Corrugated paper, which is another form of cardboard or paperboard, first appeared in the 1850s. This method entails utilizing then sheets of paperboard which are processed into a wave shape for additional rigidity and then these sheets are placed between two flat paperboard sheets (paperonline.com, 2005). The method provides for added strength as well as light weight, the foregoing along with the inexpensive nature of the material makes it particularly well suited to shipping as well as for storage use. During the early 1900à ´s the preferred method of shipping many products was in wooden crates, which added considerable weight as well as the initial cost to produce, but they are prized for their durability (paperonline.com, 2005. The manufacturers of these crates put up a valiant battle to delay the utilization of cardboard crates made of corrugated paperboard, and after considerable litigation the paper based carton was introduced. Today, these crates are called C-flute corrugated paperboard cartons (Michigan State University, 2005) and represent the major shipping container in utilization. In reality, the development of what is termed flaked cereals hastened the utilization of paper based cartons. The Kellogg Company located in Battle Creek, Michigan in the United States was the first company to utilize cartons for cereal. The product started as a health food for sanatorium patients that soon caught favor with the public and the Kellogg Company took their product mass market. Th e packaging originally consisted of a heat sealed bag of Waxtite that covered the outside of the box. This outer wrapper contained the Kellogg name as well as advertising printing (Kelloggââ¬â¢s.com. 2005). Todayââ¬â¢s cereal boxes utilize a wax type inner container to hold the product with the outside paperboard carton as the sturdier material. This outer box contains the brand identification and advertising copy. The paperboard containers as well as other forms of paper based packaging gained popularity with consumers as a result of their light weight, markings and ease of storage. On the business side of the ledger, the low cost and ability to create a meaningful differentiation from other products helped to found the packaging design revolution which is prevalent everywhere we look. The continued development of plastics saw this material introduced as a packaging item during the late 1970s as it began to replace paper utilization in varied packaging instances (British Plastics Federation, 2005). The relative strength to weight ratio of plastics as well as its ability to be easily molded into any conceivable shape as well as color combinations that designers wanted provided marketers with unlimited variables to create differences. At first, plastic packaging as we know it today did not immediately land on store and counter shelves, the utilization of shapes, colors, and unique packaging conc epts evolved as is the case with any innovation. The manufacturing advantage of plastics in addition to the aforementioned benefits is also a factor of its weight to contents ratio which significantly decreases shipping costs. Plastics, as with some types of paper, occupy all three classifications, flexible, semi flexible as well as rigid, depending upon the method utilized. Rigid The first rigid material utilized in product packaging, as mentioned, was earthen pottery and this was primarily utilized as a storage and measuring device rather than for the packaging of products. Glass and metal containers, in terms of their utilization in packaging, although not in our modern mass merchandising format, came into use in 1500 BC and 1200 AD respectively (glassonline.com). The art of glass making first began as an alternative to pottery in 7000 BC, yet it did not become industrialized until 1500 BC when the Egyptians mass produced it. The materials required for the formulation of glass, soda, limestone, sand and silica, were plentiful in the Egyptian region (glassonline.com). The basic process of melting the indicated materials and molding them while heated has changed very little through the ages, however, the techniques regarding molding have progressed. At first, the molding process consisted of pressing the hot molten material into cups and bowls. The invention of the blowpipe by the Phoenicians around 300 BC advanced production dramatically and permitted the formulation of round containers which enabled food to be stored as well as transported (glassonline.com). It was not until the late 17th century, when the split mold was invented that the use of glass containers became more suitable as a packaging item on a large scale as it enabled the formation of shapes that were irregular as well as decorative designs that were raised. The preceding permitted placing the manufacturer as well as the name of the product onto containers thus providing marketing identification. Improvements in manufacturing processes during the late 18th and early 19th centuries reduced the cost of manufacturing glass containers through increased production techniques and other refinements thus making them economical in terms of utilization for mass consumer marketing whereas they were heretofore mostly utilized as vessels in shops and for higher end product sales such as drugs and other expensive mixtures (glassonline.com). The preceding was a result of Owens invention of the automated rotary bottle machine, which was patented in 1889 (glassonline.com). From that point on, until the late 1960s, glass dominated the container market for liquid based product, later replaced by plastics and coated paperboard containers, such as used in milk, juice and other formats. The preceding developments in plastics and paper based liquid containers once again relegated glass back to utilization for high end products as a result of its higher weight ratio, relative fragile nature and high cost relative to other materials (glassonline.com).à Tin plating samples were discovered in the Bohemia region of Europe that date back to 1200 AD, and samples of iron coated tin cans were discovered in Bavaria dating back to the early 14th century (Kratzsch. 1999). Tin was utilized as it can be plated in very thin layers over other metals, such as iron. In ancient times, cups, plates and eating implements for royalty and boxes were made of gold and silver.à The tin plating process was held as a closely guarded secret by Bavaria until it was stolen by the Duke of Saxony in the late 1600s and thus the method found its way to France and England by the early 1900s (Kratzsch. 1999).. The process of tin plating was brought to the United States in the early 1900s by William Underwood and very quickly, it replaced iron in the manufacture of many items as a result of its light weight, low cost and higher rigidity (Maine Preservation.com, 2005). The first utilization of tin for food packaging came as a result of an offer proffered by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1809 who was seeking a means to feed his troops (hyperhistory.com, 2005). Until that time, metal was considered poisonous in terms of using it for food storage. A Paris chef, Nicholas Appert, discovered that tin was not poisonous, nor did it affect the taste of food stored in it as long as the food had been boiled and then sealed into the container (hyperhistory.com, 2005). This was development was followed in 1810 by the creation of the tin cylindrical can, patented by Peter Durand of the United Kingdom (Cookery-Online.com, 2005). Until this time, metal was utilized to store and sell tobacco products, which had begun as early as 1764 in London. The discovery of tinââ¬â¢s applicability for long term food storage in varied sized containers found its way to its use for cookies and matches in the early 1830s (Cookery-Online.com, 2005). At this point, its utilization on a mass scale for food storage had not taken off as a result of the relatively high cost as cans were lead soldered on a hand made basis with a hole of 1 à ½ inches at the top which was utilized to squeeze the food through. Then a small patch with an air hole was left and the food inside was boiled and the patch then closed (hyperhistory.com, 2005). The process was lengthy and prohibited mass production as approximately sixty cans could be so completed in this manner. The development of the aluminum can took off in earnest in 1852, with prices declining at a steady rate until 1942. Aluminum gradually replaced tin cans utilized in food storage applications. Rigid containers can be fashioned from paper based products, plastic, glass, as well as metals, and all h ave and do have their place in the modern forms of packaging, design and marketing. Chapter 2 ââ¬â Importance of Packaging The advance of civilization from a tribal based existence is due to humanityââ¬â¢s consistent innovation and adaptation to find new methods of feeding, clothing and conducting commerce. The development of new packaging techniques and innovations have been innovated through the ages as a result of the aforementioned, as well as the vision of individuals who saw needs, voids and opportunities to be filled. Without our modern forms of plastic, metal, paper, cardboard and glass containers, carton and other packaging types, civilization could not exist. Taking the preceding past the simplistic need variable, the existence of all these differing forms of containers has spurred a climate of competition which benefits mankind in that consistently newer and better methods are being devised to create products, convenience, longevity, lower costs and develop new products. And while food packaging has formed the primary undertone of the examples thus far provided, the evolution of packaging has also made possible our modern world of commerce which provides medicines, all manner of processed as well as unprocessed foods, perfumes, smoking products, health and beauty aids, clothing, furnishings, fixtures, and whatever you see have either been delivered by, packaged in or still remain in one of the three packaging classifications of flexible, semi-flexible or rigid containers. Those television programs we watch would not be possible save for the safe and dependable containers T.V sets are shipped in, and even the design and outside container holding the picture tube or high definition contents is a packaging element distinctive to its brand. The toothpaste, toothbrush, soap, body powder and other articles found in oneââ¬â¢s bathroom are in containers or packaging made possible by advances in plastics, paper and metal components as well as compositions. Life as we know it would not be the same without our potato chips, coffee, tea, bread, eggs, meats, vegetables, fruits and the like all which were either processed or put into containers made from paper based products, plastics, metal or glass. The foregoing represents the broader societal aspects concerning the importance of packaging in general terms. More specifically, the processes and allied aspects of packaging in terms of marketing, mass distribution, quality of life, benefits to mankind, truth in advertising and contents, along with environmental factors are the broader considerations which shall be broached, along with other aspects. In terms of marketing and differentiating oneââ¬â¢s product from other competing brands, packaging does indeed matter. The look, style, colors, shape and other features help to distinguish oneââ¬â¢s brand from others thus enabling consumers who are used to or seek to purchase a brand to locate it easily (Sheffield, 2003). In a world crammed full of like product types, ââ¬Å"â⬠¦a unique bottle designâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ or unusual box could very well be the reason a consumer elects to purchase a product for the first time (Sheffield, 2003). Thereafter, the productââ¬â¢s fulfillment of its promise in terms of taste, performance, features, durability, usability or other factors helps by and large to determine is continued selection by consumers. But, in order for the second equation to take place, the first one must occur (Sheffield, 2003). This however was not always the case. Recent innovations in plastics and formulation techniques have driven down the costs of manufacturing unique shapes and designs, some of which are of ergonomic benefit, convenience, usability, or simply for eye appeal. An example of the preceding can be found in Nestlà ©Ã¢â¬â¢s new tough bag introduced for its Purina Dog Chow line. The company replaced its prior multi-wall paper package ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ a woven polypropylene materialâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (findarticles.com, 2004) that resists tears from fork lifts and consumer use, has an improved appearance on selling selves and offers an easier to utilize opening technique that is more convenient helped to increase store sales as a result. The foregoing is in light of the fact that the packages contents remain unchanged. Other innovations by the same company includes an improved Nesquick syrup bottle that is easier to hold and grip for kid sized hands, offered an improved shelf look and the open top left less of a syrup mess through the use of an inverted bottle that featured a no drip cap. The innovation helped Nesquick to increase sales to the consumer market while not making any changes to the actual product itself (findarticles.com, 2004). à The c ompany claimed that since the introduction of the new container its syrup sales rose 15% over the same fiscal period one year prior and that the company gained 2.6 points in market share points (findarticles.com, 2004). The foregoing points out the importance of packaging in offering new ideas, convenience, usability and function to consumers that can aid in driving sales. The preceding is an example of function defining form. Another example of the preceding is the introduction of ring-pull pop top cans. We now take this innovation for granted all but forgetting how we ever opened soda cans in the past by pushing down on a perforated opening that usually found us spilling some soda in the process. Since the introduction of this new opening feature ring-pull pop top cans now comprise one-third of the soda can market and it is expected to increase to two-thirds by the year 2008 (Gubero, 2005) à The importance of packing in its purest sense means that it fulfills the objective of utilizing a minimum of resources and waste to accomplish its object of delivering its contents to the end user in safe manner whereby the contents arrive as intended. It must be remembered that our entire way of life is held together by the innovative means that we utilize to wrap, protect, ship, store and market all types of products. The foregoing is made even more dramatic by the following (Pongracz, 1998): Food packaging conserves perishable items from spoiling early and thus in the long run extents the useful life of foods which for all intents and purposes could not be brought to market for the millions of global urban dwellers to utilize and enjoy. Packaging in general enables us to improve the quality of life by manufacturing items which can be essentially transported to any corner of the globe, be it food, cosmetics, medicines, appliances, furnishings, electronics, etc. The increased urbanization of the globe is placing an ever increasing reliance on packaging as a means to support this explosion. The facts are that (Pongracz, 1998): 150,000 individuals are added to the current urban population totals each day. 35 years ago only one-third of the earthââ¬â¢s population lived in cities It is predicted that by 2025 two-thirds of the global population will be living in urban locales. The preceding translates into the fact that in 2025 more individuals will be living in cities than the entire population of earth just ten years hence. By 2015 there will be a total of 33 mega cities, each with a population count in excess of 8 million each, and over 500 cities with populations in excess of 1 million. The preceding population aspects dramatize the extent to which packaging plays in our daily lives and how it has influenced our mode of living. The indicated figures are made even more meaningful when one considers that Tokyo is a city of 27 plus million, and that Sao Paulo in Brazil has a population in excess of 16.4 million. Food packaging, as an example, economically utilizes resources that if prepared in another manner would result in massive waste. The processing and packaging of food permits the residues to be utilized as either feed for animals, food by products or fuel. It is estimated that food waste in under developed countries is between 20% to 50% as a result of either poor packaging and or preparation methods, and or the absence of packaging altogether. The foregoing becomes dramatic when compared against Europe where food wastage is approximately 2 to 3 % (Pongracz, 1998). The fact is we must increase our efforts at conservation as efficiencies not only in foods, but in all aspects of resources.à It has been estimated that for each one percent increase in the utilization of food packaging, the resultant waste decreases by approximately 1.6% (Pongracz, 1998). 2.1 Packaging Content The ramifications of packaging encompass those desiring to have their products purchased, with those who are the objects of this activity and governmental regulation that is empowered to act in the best interest of society. This triumvirate represents the real world factors which companies must consider if they desire to be successful in their long term interests. The dichotomy that exists as a result of the foregoing is as follows; Business The companies that manufacture products must be mindful of the ramifications of end use from not only a consumer and governmental perspective, but also in terms of competitor activities and their introduction of continued new, improved and innovative products. This playing field however is fraught with aspects that create a marketing environment that has resulted in increased rounds of governmental regulation. The FTC states (Vitamin Lawyer, 2005): ââ¬Å" Advertising claims based solely on traditional use should be presented carefully to avoid the implication that the product has been scientifically evaluated for efficacy.â⬠The purpose of the Food and Drug Administration is (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2005): ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ protecting the public health by assuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and Veterinary drugs, biological products, medical devices, our nationââ¬â¢s food supply, cosmetics, and products that emit radiation.â⬠This broad mandate stretches far beyond the actual words used to comprise the agencyââ¬â¢s title, Food and Drug Administration. The FDAââ¬â¢s mission statement goes on to add that is also assumes responsibility to advance the health of citizens in the United States by helping to ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ speed innovations that make medicines and foods more effectiveâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2005), as well as ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ helping the public to get the accurate, science based information they needâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ with respect to the utilization of medicines along with foods for the purpose of improving their health. The counterpart of the FDA in Europe is the Food and Veterinary Office (FVO), and it is responsible ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ for ensuring that Community (EU) legislation on food safety, animal health, plant health and animal welfare is properly implemented and enforced.â⬠(Food and Veterinary Office, 2005) The Food and Veterinary Office fulfills its mission through the promotion of effective systems of control with respect to food safety as well as quality in the animal, plant and health sectors along with maintaining compliance of the European Union food safety and quality, plant and animal legislation concerning health for countries within the European Union as well as those exporting to the EU. Labeling and nutrition governance within the European Union consists of specific rules, guidelines and regulations for the labeling of food items to permit consumers to have comprehensive information with regard to the composition as well as contents of the products they purchase and to aid them in making informed choices. A recent change in the legislation in this area is the abolishment of the 25% rule that indicated it was not mandatory to list on labels the components of ingredients which were less than 25% of the final food total. This means that all ingredients must be listed and included as well as those which might cause ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ allergies or intolerancesâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (Food and Veterinary Office, 2005). The Food and Veterinary Office aim is ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ to ensure that the consumer gets all of the essential information as regards the composition of the productâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (Food and Veterinary Office, 2005) along with the manufacturer and the methods utilized in stora ge and its preparation. The companies producing these items ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ are free to provide whatever additional information â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (Food and Veterinary Office, 2005) they so desire as long as said additional information is not misleading and is accurate. The preceding means that companies are supposed to tell the truth about their packaging contents as required by the foregoing statements. Similar rules, regulations and guidelines can also be found for other countries throughout the world in varying degrees of specifics and governance, depending upon the laws in place. Unfortunately, companies do find means via which to bend, stretch and slightly circumvent these rules and regulations which basically keeps them within the letter of the law, but introduces elements of confusion or uncertainty. Some examples of the preceding are illustrated by what is termed ââ¬Å"genetically modified organismâ⬠or GMO. A genetically modified organism is one where the generic material has been changed utilizing techniques that are generally known as recombinant DNA technology (wikipedia, 2005). The foregoing enables the combining of DNA molecules from differing sources into one molecule in a test tube situation. The controversy that exists in this instance is that some groups see this as meddling in nature. Their views are in spite of the many benefits that have resulted throughout history from such scientific utilizations. Some consumer groups would prefer GMO be banned, while others want it stated as required labeling. On the international side there is no clear consensus with respect to the acceptability of GMO. The United States stance on this issue remains neutral while in Europe the position is that GMO has not proven to be safe, thus it is banned from importation or domestic manufacture (wikipedia, 2005). The preceding has led to some specific cases of misuse in the United States as cited by an FDA order to several food manufacturers to cease from indicating that their food products were GM free (Food Chemical News, 2001). The labeling practice that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration found to be misleading is that these companies were giving the misleading impression that their foo d products were safer than products made with GMO ingredients. Consumer Faced with a plethora of purchasing possibilities in all manner of products, from food items to electronics, vehicles, clothing, toys, furniture and other areas, consumers are barraged with all manner of subtle advertising and copy tricks to sway them from one brand to another. Faced with these realities, companies employ subtle copy tricks to appeal to consumer sensibilities, as even a small difference can make a favorable increase in register sales. That image of a real strawberry on your favorite cereal package is not what is contained in the box, nor is the bread that states it is made from real wheat flour which is fortified with ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ vitamins and minerals â⬠¦ that build strong bodies in 12 waysâ⬠¦Ã ¨(Crawford, 2004). In fact, the additional information contained on labels as a result of governmental regulation might actually be helping companies to promote their hype as few consumers actually read this information which is a part of everything they buy (Crawf ord, 2004). The amazing graphics, colors and packaging utilized for containers often convinces consumers to purchase it, rather than what is actually inside. The prior examples of Nesquickà ´s new syrup bottle, and Purinaââ¬â¢s new woven container are illustrations of this point. An example of copy innuendo is reduced fat. Katherine Tallmadge, the national U.S. spokesperson for the American Dietetic Association, explains that ââ¬Å"Reduced fat does not mean low-fatâ⬠(Crawford, 2004). Tallmadge (Crawford, 2004) goes onto explain that whole milk is comprised of four percent (4%) fat, thus a measurement of two percent (2%) of milk still contains five (5) grams of fat in each serving, thereby one is still getting forty ââ¬â five (45) out of a total of one hundred and twenty (120) calories which is fat. Tallmadge indicates that if one is seeking low fat then this means to purchase skim milk. The foregoing points out the detailed and precise information consumers need to have to read through the mountains of da Anastasia Abellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11677009039634887479noreply@blogger.com0